Plumbing has undergone a radical transformation since the turn of the century. While plumbing fittings and pipes were earlier made from metal, today’s plumbing relies on a healthy blend of modern plastics and alloys. In addition, construction raw materials have become much more expensive, especially with metals such as copper. In such a scenario, a single mistake in plumbing work during the construction stage can prove to be extremely costly.

Here, we have mentioned the most important things to consider during the plumbing stage of your home construction.

1. Underground pipes and stormwater drains

Once these have been successfully laid, your plumber will need to test the system to check for water tightness. After this, the area will be filled back with the excavated earth. Backfilling of plumbing works must be done with extreme care because debris or rocks that are backfilled into trenches must not cause any damage to the buried piping. A mixture of backfill needs to be used. For example, if lumpy clay is excavated, then the first 300-500 mm (millimetres) of backfill must consist of sandy, loose earth. On the contrary, if concrete needs to be paved at the top, then crushed and compacted earth should be used, especially when it comes to a deep excavation.

2. Pipes

Clean water enters the plumbing pipe from the primary water supply line. Unclean water is successfully pulled down by gravity to exit the system of pipes. Air blowing through all the vents ensures that the pipes stay clean and clear. This is a simple and self-sustaining setup that should survive the test of time, when done correctly.

3. Plumbing items and fixtures

If you are carrying out plumbing in a new house, you need to install plumbing items and fixtures before the completion of the house’s interiors. Showers, sinks, and tubs are easier to install when the doorways and walls have not yet been installed.

4. Sewer lines and septic tanks

Installing sewer lines and septic tanks is extremely challenging when it comes to a home’s plumbing system. Firstly, you need to know the septic tank’s size. This can be calculated by the total number of bedrooms in your house. The venting system of your septic tank must be flawless.

5. Placement and positioning of the main stack

The main stack is basically a pipe with a diameter of approximately 3-4 inches. It typically runs from your home’s basement to the terrace or roof. The lower section of the main stack is responsible for collecting wastewater from several other plumbing fixtures. The upper section is used for venting. While you are installing plumbing in your new house, you will need to find a spot where the main stack runs without interruptions. 

6. Installing drains and vents

Drain and vent pipes are generally 1-1.5 inches in diameter. Pipes must slant at a quarter of an inch per foot to drain efficiently. Bends, where the pipes eventually join the main stack, must be smooth and not be angled sharply. Every plumbing fixture must have a trap beneath it, which will catch water and prevent obnoxious gases from gaining entry into your living quarters. Moreover, every fixture needs to be vented. 

7. Waterproofing and final testing

Your plumber will most likely carry out waterproofing of retaining walls, lower rooms, and basements, where an underground sump is generally constructed to store water. Roofs, too, need specialised treatment, and plumbers need to take into account gutter overflows in regions that receive heavy rainfall.

After the complete plumbing has been installed in your new home, every single thing should be tested to ensure adequate functionality and immaculate efficiency. This includes all water supply sources, bathroom fixtures, and sewerage. 

The relationship between soil and the eventual structure is as old as civilisation. You may have often wondered about the fact that the foundation and soil are comprised of totally different constituents, yet (when combined) create wonders together. When it comes to any structure’s integrity, it has its limitations based on the capacity of the ground that it is founded on. So, whenever a structure is erected on the soil, it is essential to check its capacity limits, which is known and estimated as safe bearing capacity or SBC. In fact, this is the foremost soil testing method that needs to be carried out prior to any construction. 

Failure of the soil is eventually determined based on two primary criteria: (1) Shear Capacity and (2) Settlement Criteria. 

Safe bearing capacity (SBC)

SBC can be defined theoretically as the permissible load that the soil can endure, such that it neither fails in shear nor exceeds the permissible settlement limits. A soil’s SBC is successfully defined in terms of allowable application of pressure. The unit of SBC is kN/m^2 or kip/ft^2. This is also referred to as Net Bearing Capacity or Allowable Bearing Capacity of the soil.

When it comes to the foundation’s size and type, both are determined on the type of the structure as well as the type and capacity of founding soil. So, it is absolutely necessary to estimate the SBC in each footing design to ensure complete safety.

To put it in simpler words, if we are asked to carry some cement sacks, how much load we can successfully carry without breaking down or falling will be considered as our safe bearing capacity. This is precisely the case with soil, too.

Ultimate bearing capacity

SBC is determined from the soil’s ultimate bearing capacity, which is the absolute maximum pressure at which soil commences to fail. It is also known as Gross Bearing Capacity. Ultimate bearing capacity is basically an unfactored capacity. When successfully divided by a factor of safety, we get SBC.

A wide range of field and laboratory tests are used to determine a soil’s ultimate bearing capacity. Some of these soil testing types are briefly discussed below.

Direct shear tests are utilised to estimate the ultimate capacity of sandy soil. In addition, triaxial shear tests are generally preferred for clayey soils, whereas unconfined compression tests are reserved solely for clayey soils.

Field tests to determine SBC

• Plate load test

This is a popular load test that is used to ascertain the ultimate bearing capacity and the settlement of soil under a given load. This test offers the highest accuracy rate when it comes to sandy and clayey soils. Squarish or circular plates of certain defined dimensions are placed on the ground. Settlements that correspond to steadily increasing loads are eventually recorded to gauge the soil’s bearing capacity.

• Drop weight method

This soil testing method is considered to be reliable when it comes to directly obtain the SBC. A pit of depth that is equal to the depth of the foundation is prepared, and a square cube of a known weight is dropped onto it from a height that is predetermined. The dimension’s depth made by the square-cube is accurately measured. The cube’s weight is then multiplied with the height of the fall in order to obtain the soil’s ultimate bearing capacity.

• Standard penetration test (STP)

When it comes to STP, the number of blows needed to penetrate a standard tube into a particular soil is measured. The penetration number or the resistance value is used to determine the ultimate bearing capacity.

SBC values of different soil types

After calculating the ultimate bearing capacity of the soil (from any one of the above tests), we can work out the SBC of the soil using the following equation:

SBC=Ultimate Bearing Capacity / (Cross-Sectional Area × Factor of Safety)

When it comes to soil, the factor of safety is generally considered as 3.

On a final note:

It is essential to determine the load that the soil can carry safely prior to designing a structure. Soil structure interaction plays a key role in the design as well as maintenance of any structure, whether large or small. Incompatibility may lead to serious disasters as well.

Traditional bricks in the construction sector are quickly being replaced by AAC blocks, also known as autoclaved aerated concrete blocks. AAC is a foam concrete material up to three times more lightweight than ordinary bricks, making it simple to handle and put to use.

AAC is a familiar construction material in the industry. Instead, it came into being sometime during the 1920s. However, it became popular only in the past decade. If you are building a house, you should consider using AAC blocks rather than red bricks.

How are AAC blocks made?

 AAC blocks are lightweight because of their porous, foam-like surfaces. Components like cement, water, sand, and lime are utilised to construct these blocks. Additionally, a tiny amount of raising agent is added, which helps create the porous structure.

Burnt clay bricks and AAC blocks are manufactured differently and use different ingredients. To make the AAC block construction lightweight and durable, it is autoclaved. An autoclave is a machine that can set high pressure and temperature to produce superheated steam. 

Now, as the AAC is blended and cast, other substances are added to improve the properties of the AAC blocks. Calcium hydroxide and aluminium powder are combined, releasing water and hydrogen gas. The porous, foam-like structure that is produced at the end is primarily due to the frothing up of this gas. The completed structure is up to three times lighter than a typical cement block because the gas rises to a height of 3mm inside the mixture.

It takes the mixed slurry roughly 10 to 12 hours in the autoclave chamber to solidify. The sizes of AAC blocks are largely uniform worldwide. The price and the weight of the AAC block depend on the size you choose. Most often, people choose a size 600mmX 200mmX200mm. These blocks can weigh up to 15 kg each.

Here are some advantages of using the AAC blocks for your home construction-

1. Durability - AAC blocks are renowned for their exceptional strength, which provides more stability to the structure of a building, thus increasing the dependability and seismic resistance of that building. Another point to note is that non-biodegradable components are used in the production of the AAC material, increasing its mould resistance and resulting in better, cleaner, and more durable interiors.

2. Faster Construction - The blocks made with AAC can be cut using ordinary instruments like drills, band saws, etc., because the material is relatively simple to handle and control. Because the labour force won't need any specialised skills, this makes construction simpler and more resource-efficient. Additionally, the AAC blocks are nine times larger than red clay bricks, resulting in fewer joints throughout the framework of the building. This can immediately affect how long it takes to complete the construction. Not only that, but it also means less brickwork will be needed, which will shorten the project's completion time. In general, using AAC blocks reduces construction time by 20%.

3. Thermal Insulation - The structure's interior can stay warm in cold weather and cool in hot weather thanks to the thermal conductivity of the AAC blocks. This immediately affects the amount of energy used for air conditioning and results in cost savings of up to 30%, making it a more energy-efficient option than any other material.

4. Cost saving - Fundamentally, AAC blocks weigh far less than conventional red bricks, which can directly impact the quantity of cement and steel used in building, making it a more cost-effective solution. Since this material is produced using an automated method, the finished blocks are more precise and smoother, negating the need for three coats of plaster on walls. The weight is a third of a standard red clay brick structure, which results in a 15% reduction in steel utilisation and cost savings.

5. Sound and Fire resistant - Because AAC Blocks are manufactured with a porous structure, they have excellent sound absorption qualities. AAC Blocks are the ideal material for building walls because of their Sound Transmission Class (STC), which is about 45 dB. AAC Blocks have the best fire resistance in its class, with a fire rating of 4-6 hours. With a melting point of over 1600 °C compared to the red clay bricks' 900 °C, the block's cellular structure renders it fire-resistant.

6. Versatility - AAC blocks can be made in any size, shape, and strength to complement the architecture of your building. AAC blocks are more adaptable for builders and end users since they are easier to chisel and plumb than solid concrete blocks and red clay bricks.

 7. Environment friendly - While red clay brick production uses top layer soil, which makes it less suited for plants, AAC blocks are built utilising 70% fly ash, a national waste. Compared to other processes, the production process uses very little energy. Additionally, no contaminants, byproducts, or hazardous waste are produced during the procedure.

The combination of all these benefits makes AAC blocks the preferred choice for construction in the future. We won't be mistaken if we say that in the near future, we'll witness many more buildings and structures created using this material in India and worldwide. The demand for lightweight building materials is rising, and the trend toward green buildings is fueling this expansion. 

Constructing a home is a monumental task, especially in India, where factors like climate, terrain, and materials play significant roles. While the dream of owning a home is cherished by many, the financial aspect can often be daunting. However, with careful planning and strategic decisions, individuals can navigate the construction process while keeping costs in check. In this blog, we'll explore some cost-saving strategies and tips tailored for home builders in southern India.

• Intelligent design choices: begin your cost-saving journey right from the design phase. Opt for a simple yet functional design that minimises the need for excessive materials and labour. Compact floor plans not only save space but also reduce construction costs. For instance, an open-plan living area that integrates the kitchen, dining, and living spaces can create a sense of spaciousness while reducing the need for additional walls and partitions. Or, a home office or study area can also be used as a guest bedroom by incorporating a sofa bed or a convertible desk. Additionally, natural lighting and ventilation should be considered to lessen reliance on artificial fixtures.
   
• Local materials sourcing: India is rich in natural resources, including various stones, sands, and woods. Utilise locally available materials to cut down on transportation costs. Moreover, indigenous materials often blend seamlessly with the region's architectural aesthetics, adding a unique charm to your home.

• Energy-efficient solutions: with the region's tropical climate, energy consumption for cooling is a significant expense. Invest in energy-efficient appliances, solar panels, and insulation to minimise long-term operational costs. Passive cooling techniques such as proper orientation, shading, and cross ventilation can reduce energy bills.
   
• Bulk purchases and negotiation: buying materials in bulk can often result in substantial discounts from suppliers. Plan your construction timeline accordingly to take advantage of seasonal sales and promotions. Moreover, don't hesitate to negotiate prices with vendors, especially for larger orders. Building solid relationships with suppliers can lead to better deals in the long run.
   
• Optimise construction timeline: time is money, especially in the construction industry. Delays can escalate costs due to extended labour and equipment rental expenses. Develop a realistic timeline and stick to it as closely as possible—minimise idle time by coordinating activities efficiently and addressing any setbacks promptly. For example: Identifying long lead-time items in the design phase ensures timely ordering, avoiding costly material shortages during construction.

• Quality over quantity: while opting for cheaper materials or labour may be tempting, prioritise quality to avoid future maintenance and repair costs. Invest in durable materials and skilled workers who can deliver superior craftsmanship. Cutting corners now may result in higher expenses, negating initial cost savings.
   
• Reuse and recycle: embrace sustainable practices by incorporating recycled or salvaged materials into your construction project. Old doors, windows, and fixtures can be refurbished to add character to your home while reducing expenses. Additionally, consider donating or selling reusable materials from demolition sites to offset disposal costs.

• Government subsidies and incentives: explore available government schemes, subsidies, and tax incentives to promote affordable housing and sustainable construction practices. Research local regulations and policies to take full advantage of financial assistance programs that can help lower construction costs.
   
• Project management software: leverage technology to streamline project management and communication processes—utilise construction management software to track expenses, monitor progress, and coordinate tasks efficiently. Clear communication and transparency among all stakeholders can prevent costly misunderstandings and errors.

In conclusion, constructing a home in southern India doesn't have to break the bank. By adopting a strategic approach focused on efficiency, sustainability, and cost-conscious decision-making, individuals can realise their dream of homeownership without compromising quality. From intelligent design choices to embracing local resources and utilising technology, many avenues exist to save costs during the construction journey. With careful planning and prudent execution, an affordable and aesthetically pleasing home is within reach.

When constructing a home, choosing the right materials is one of the most critical decisions. Among the many options available, concrete blocks have gained popularity in India, especially for individual home builders looking for durable and cost-effective solutions. JSW One Homes, dedicated to helping individuals build their dream homes, understands the importance of making informed choices. Below, we explore the advantages and disadvantages of using concrete blocks in home construction.

Pros of using concrete blocks

1. Durability and strength

Concrete blocks are known for their robust nature, offering exceptional durability and strength. They can withstand harsh environmental conditions, including heavy rains, wind, and temperature fluctuations, making them ideal for the diverse Indian climate. For homeowners looking for long-lasting structural integrity, concrete blocks are a reliable option. 

2. Fire and pest resistance

Concrete blocks are naturally resistant to fire and pests. This offers significant safety advantages over other materials, such as wood, which may be susceptible to termite attacks or fire hazards. In areas prone to pests or where fire safety is a concern, using concrete blocks provides peace of mind for individual home builders.

3. Lighter weight

Concrete blocks are lighter than bricks or other materials, which can reduce the need for heavier structural support, particularly in multi-storey buildings. This lighter weight makes them easier to handle, even for less experienced or semi-skilled labour, and can help manage foundation costs, especially in smaller homes or areas with challenging soil conditions.

4. Energy efficiency

Concrete blocks have excellent thermal insulation properties, which can help keep homes cooler in India’s hotter regions. This energy efficiency can translate into lower electricity bills, as homeowners will need less air conditioning to maintain a comfortable indoor temperature. The long-term savings on energy consumption make concrete blocks an appealing choice.

5. Eco-friendly option

Concrete blocks are made from a mixture of cement, aggregate, and water which are mostly waste/residual materials available at construction sites, which makes them a more sustainable option for environmentally conscious home builders. Additionally, their durability means fewer resources are needed for repairs or replacements over the lifespan of the home, further reducing their environmental footprint. 

Cons of using concrete blocks

1. Initial higher costs

While concrete blocks offer long-term cost savings, the upfront costs can be higher compared to traditional bricks. The material itself is slightly more expensive, and the construction process may require skilled labourers, adding to the overall expense. Individual home builders should be prepared for these initial costs, keeping in mind the potential long-term benefits.

2. Aesthetic limitations

Concrete blocks are often considered less aesthetically appealing than other construction materials like bricks or stone. While they are functional and durable, some homeowners may feel that they lack the traditional charm associated with other building materials. To enhance the appearance, external cladding or plastering may be required, which can increase costs.

3. Limited flexibility for customisation

Concrete blocks can be more challenging to work with if you require intricate designs or custom architectural features. Their rigidity makes them less adaptable to curved walls or unique shapes. For home builders looking to incorporate bespoke design elements, this may be a disadvantage. 

4. Skilled labour requirement

Construction using concrete blocks often requires specialised knowledge and skill. Finding the right professionals to manage the project becomes crucial, as improper installation can lead to structural weaknesses. 

Conclusion

Concrete blocks offer superior compressive strength, making them ideal for load-bearing walls and foundations in various soil conditions. However, their higher density and weight impose additional demands on structural design, particularly in multi-storey constructions, where reinforced foundations and load distribution must be calculated. Additionally, their thermal mass regulates indoor temperatures, but this may require complementary insulation in regions with extreme temperature variations.  

At JSW One Homes, we understand the complexities of home construction and are here to guide you through every step. Whether you're considering concrete blocks or exploring other building materials, our professionals are committed to helping you make the best decisions for your dream home. 

Navigating the complex legal landscape of home construction is essential for individual home builders. It involves more than just paperwork; it's about protecting your vision and dedication. The following guide delves into crucial steps and considerations to empower you to effectively address legal issues and ensure the success of your home construction projects.

Understand local building codes and regulations

• Research and compliance: familiarise yourself with local building codes, zoning laws, and environmental regulations. Compliance with these codes is mandatory, and non-compliance can lead to fines, project delays, or legal action.
• Permits and approvals: obtain all necessary permits and approvals before starting construction. This includes building permits, zoning permits, and any special permits for specific aspects of the project.

Secure proper contracts

• Comprehensive contracts: ensure all agreements with contractors, subcontractors, and suppliers are in writing. Contracts should clearly outline the scope of work, payment terms, timelines, warranties, and dispute resolution mechanisms.
• Legal review: have a lawyer review all contracts to ensure they protect your interests and comply with local laws.

Manage financials prudently

• Budget planning: create a detailed budget and financial plan for the project. Monitor expenses closely to avoid cost overruns, which can lead to disputes and financial strain.
• Payment schedules: set up precise payment schedules tied to project milestones. Avoid large upfront payments and hold back a portion of the payment until the project is satisfactorily completed.

Insurance and liability

• Builder's risk insurance: obtain builder's risk insurance to cover potential damage to the construction site or materials.
• Liability insurance: ensure you have liability insurance to protect against accidents or injuries on the construction site. Verify that all contractors and subcontractors carry their insurance.

Handle disputes professionally

• Dispute resolution clauses: include dispute resolution clauses in your contracts. Specify methods such as mediation, arbitration, or litigation for resolving conflicts.
• Documentation: keep detailed records of all communications, changes to the project, and incidents. This documentation can be vital in resolving disputes.
• Consider prioritising mediation as a method for resolving disputes, as it is often quicker, cost-effective, and confidential. Incorporate arbitration into contracts as an alternative to litigation for resolving conflicts. 
• Reserve litigation as a last resort, acknowledging its potential for prolonged proceedings and higher costs.
• Approach disputes with openness and good faith, exploring all available resolution options.

Warranties and guarantees

• Contractor warranties: ensure that contractors provide warranties for their work. Understand the duration and scope of these warranties.
• Product guarantees: keep records of all product guarantees for materials and appliances used in the construction.

Legal counsel and professional advice

• Consult an attorney: regularly consult with a construction attorney throughout the project to ensure compliance with laws and promptly address legal concerns.
• Professional services: engage architects, engineers, and surveyors to ensure the project meets all technical and safety standards.

Time delays and penalties

• Contract provisions: include provisions for liquidated damages in construction contracts to compensate for delays in project completion.
• Project schedule: check the project schedule regularly to identify potential delays early on.
• Mitigation measures: take appropriate measures to mitigate identified delays.
• Assess delay claims: owners should assess the validity of any delay claims to ensure liquidated damages are not excessive or punitive.

Mechanic’s liens

• Demand lien waivers: owners should demand lien waivers from all suppliers and subcontractors as a condition of payment from contractors.
• Transparent payment process: contractors should ensure their payment process is transparent and timely to avoid disputes and potential liens.

Managing legal issues in home construction projects requires thorough preparation, clear contractual agreements, prudent financial management, and proactive dispute resolution. By following these steps, individual home builders like you can minimise legal risks and ensure a successful construction project. Implementing these practices can significantly reduce the risk of legal problems and help ensure the construction process is smooth, legally compliant, and successful.

Building a rainwater collection system at home holds immense significance in India due to the country's growing water scarcity issues and erratic rainfall patterns. With a considerable portion of the population still reliant on agriculture and rural livelihoods, the rainwater harvesting system at home becomes pivotal for sustaining crop cultivation and providing drinking water in remote areas. Implementing rainwater harvesting systems helps recharge groundwater, reducing dependency on depleting reserves and alleviating pressure on water supply systems. Additionally, the rainwater harvesting system at home promotes self-sufficiency in water supply, mitigates the effects of droughts and floods, and encourages conservation practices.

Step 1: understand local regulations and guidelines
Check local regulations and guidelines regarding rainwater harvesting. Different states in India might have specific rules or incentives for implementing such systems. These guidelines cover storage tank capacity, rainwater collection from rooftops, and filtration mechanisms.

Step 2: assess water requirements
Assessing water needs and potential collection capacity is a crucial step in designing an effective rainwater harvesting system at home. Begin by calculating the approximate water requirements of the household. Consider factors like the number of occupants, daily water usage for various purposes (drinking, bathing, gardening, etc.), and the duration of dry spells between rains. This assessment helps determine the necessary storage capacity for harvested water.

Step 3: design the system

• Catchment area (roof): decide which portion of your roof will collect rainwater. Ensure the roof material is suitable for harvesting (avoid asbestos roofs).
• Gutters and downspouts: install gutters along the edges of the roof to collect water and direct it to downspouts.
• Filters and screens: use mesh screens to prevent debris from entering the storage tank. Install a first flush diverter to divert initial runoff that contains pollutants.
• Storage tanks: choose the right type and size of storage tank (plastic, concrete, or ferrocement) based on your water needs and available space.

Step 4: installation process

• Gutters and downspouts: fix gutters along the edges of the roof, ensuring a slight slope toward downspouts.
• Storage tank placement: place the storage tank on a firm, level base. Ensure it's equipped with an inlet for water entry and an overflow outlet.
• Piping system: connect the downspouts to the storage tank using pipes, ensuring a downward slope for proper water flow.

Step 5: maintenance

Regular maintenance is crucial for the efficient functioning of the system

• Clean gutters and screens: remove debris from gutters and screens regularly.
• Check tank and pipes: inspect the tank for leaks and clean it periodically. Check pipes for blockages or damage.
• Monitor water quality: periodically check the quality of stored water. Treat it if necessary before use.

Step 6: utilise harvested water
Connect the stored water to your home's plumbing system for non-potable uses like gardening, flushing toilets, or washing vehicles. Install proper filtration and treatment systems  like sediment filter, UV treatment systems, activated carbon filters, if you plan to use the water for drinking purposes.

Key components of a rainwater harvesting system

• Catchment area: typically, the roof of a home serves as the primary surface for water collection. The size and type of roof influence the amount of water that can be harvested by rainwater collection systems. 
• Conveyance system: gutters and downspouts channel the water from the roof to the storage area.
• First flush device: this mechanism diverts the initial flow of rainwater, which may contain contaminants from the roof, ensuring cleaner water is stored.
• Filters: these are crucial for removing debris and impurities from the collected rainwater.
• Storage tanks: the harvested water from the rainwater collection system is stored in tanks, which can be placed above or below ground, depending on space availability and local regulations.

Benefits of rainwater harvesting

• Environmental conservation: by capturing rainwater, we reduce runoff and erosion, and decrease the load on stormwater systems.
• Reduced water bills: utilising rainwater for non-potable uses like gardening, flushing toilets, and washing can significantly lower municipal water usage.
• Water security: in times of water scarcity or restrictions, having an alternate water source is invaluable.
  Groundwater recharge: excess rainwater can be used to replenish groundwater levels, benefiting the wider ecosystem.

Constructing rainwater harvesting systems when building a new home holds paramount importance for various reasons. Firstly, it integrates sustainability into the very foundation of the dwelling, promoting a proactive approach toward environmental conservation. By capturing and utilising rainwater, homeowners can significantly reduce their reliance on external water sources, fostering self-sufficiency and resilience against water scarcity, especially in regions prone to erratic rainfall or water shortages. Moreover, such rainwater harvesting systems at home enhance the property's value, aligning with modern eco-conscious trends and potentially offering incentives or compliance with local regulations. The cost of rainwater harvesting at home varies based on factors like system size and complexity.

If you are preparing to build the house of your dreams, you must know that the foundation must be strong as it will bear the weight of the entire house. Therefore, the construction of the foundation must be given utmost importance; and if you’re not sure about what you must know and consider while laying the foundation, you have come to the right place to find the answers. Building a strong foundation for your home ensures durability. To build a robust and strong foundation for your home, make a note of the 7 steps to follow. 

Step 1: Site selection

Site selection is the most vital step to construct a firm foundation. At first, you need to finalise the area based on your needs, plot location, and ground condition of your plot. You must check if the plot is prone to water logging. Make it a point to investigate the condition of the soil of the land you wish to build your home on. The soil needs special treatment and foundation because it may lack the desired load-carrying capacity. Alternatively, the soil may possess some unfavourable characteristics that can subsequently weaken the foundation of your house in the long term. In such a scenario, you may need the services of a structural engineer or geotechnical consultant.

Step 2: Excavation

Excavation work is the next crucial step when it comes to building a foundation. Carrying out adequate surveillance of the land is required, so that a layout plan can be formed on the ground, based on the approved drawing. Every pillar and trench excavation lines must be marked considering the centre lines of all walls. Make sure that the excavation work is carried out by your contractor and is true to all levels, alignments, shapes, and sizes. When it comes to this context, you will need to hire a contractor after verifying his or her credentials when it comes to similar work done in the past.

Step 3: Anti-termite treatment

The next step involves anti-termite treatment. It is an essential step to protect your foundation and home from termite attacks. The soil surrounding the foundation must be treated up to the level of the plinth with the right set of chemicals. Because such a task is a specialised job, it must be executed by a specialised agency. If possible, such an agency must be a member of the Indian Pest Control Association.

Step 4: Laying brick layer

The following step regarding building foundation layout is the compaction of the excavated soil’s top layer and the addition of a brick flat soling layer on top of it. After which, your home construction company (if you have hired one) will lay a thin layer (50-75 mm in thickness) of lean concrete of a minimum of 6 inches more than the size of the footing. 

This step will ensure that your home foundation stays on a rigid and flat level based to lay RCC (Reinforced Cement Concrete) work of the footing and retain the moisture content of the footing concrete without any soil soaking.

Step 5: Wooden framework

The next step of building a foundation is the wooden formwork. The formwork must be made based on the size of the footing. In addition, it must be firm enough so that there are no problems while placing reinforcement bars and laying and compacting concrete. The gap that arises between the formwork needs to be sealed properly to eventually prevent the loss of slurry from the concrete.

Step 6: Rebar work

The ensuing step is concerned with carrying out Reinforcement Steel (or Rebar) work. Cutting and bending of the rebar is to be done based on the bar bending schedule of the footing to prevent wastage of steel materials. The placing and fixing of the Rebar are to be done accurately with suitable concrete cover blocks to avoid any displacement of the Rebar during the pouring of the concrete.

Step 7: Pouring concrete

The final step, when it comes to the foundation of your house, is pouring concrete into the footing. The concrete must adhere to the approved design grade. For quality checks, the workability of the concrete must be checked at regular intervals during the process of concreting work. Moreover, concrete test cubes of the desired numbers need to be checked for their crushing strength. The concrete needs to be compacted properly and cured adequately. Curing should begin early and must be continued for sufficient periods to make sure that it does not crack and successfully develops the desired strength.

The takeaway

The foundation of any building is one of the most essential elements and must be built with precision to ensure that the rest of the structure is strong enough. If you are building the house of your dreams, make sure that you give this part of the construction importance. Right from inspecting the soil to designing the foundation, everything must be done the right way to make sure it is strong and durable. If you think you may need help with all this, you can contact JSW One Homes to guide you and help you throughout the process.

An open floor plan refers to a layout where adjacent rooms are arranged to be visually and physically interconnected rather than isolated by doors and narrow hallways. They create unobstructed views of adjacent living spaces and encourage fluid communication between residents and visitors in contemporary houses. The success of open layouts depends on balancing spatial organisation, integrating residential activity needs and aesthetic desires. Importance and popularity of open floor plans

Contemporary house design has seen a shift towards open floor plans, revolutionising the way we live and interact in our homes. Gone are the days of compartmentalised rooms and closed-off spaces. Instead, open floor plans offer a seamless flow between different areas, creating a sense of spaciousness and connectivity.

Benefits of Open Floor Plans

Increased Space Utilisation - Open floor plans make better use of available square footage in contemporary houses by eliminating wasted hallway space and minimising unnecessary dividing walls And thus consequently, enhancing day-to-day practicality through more convenient access between rooms and easier multitasking between tasks. Increased natural light and visual flow -Open floor plan maximises natural light entry throughout the space. Unobstructed views from one area to another create seamless visual flow and spaciousness.

Enhanced connectivity - Open plans foster closer relationships among occupants and improve opportunities for collaborative projects or entertainment-related pursuits. This aspect is particularly advantageous for families who value communal engagement and social time together.

How to incorporate open floor plans in modern homes

Removal of walls and barriers - Walls and partitions between living spaces are eliminated to create an open and expansive layout. This allows for a seamless movement flow and encourages a sense of connection between different areas. Removing walls also maximises natural light entry and enhances the perception of spaciousness.

Integration of living, dining, and kitchen areas - Open floor plans often combine the living room, dining area, and kitchen into a single cohesive space. This integration facilitates social interaction and enables seamless transitions between cooking, dining, and relaxing. It promotes a communal atmosphere and makes entertaining and hosting gatherings more convenient.

Use visual dividers like furniture and rugs - While open floor plans aim for seamless flow, visual dividers can be used to define and differentiate specific areas within the open space. Furniture placement, such as sofas or bookshelves, can serve as natural boundaries between different zones. Rugs can be employed to anchor specific areas, creating visual cues for designated spaces without the need for physical partitions.

Incorporation of large windows and glass doors - Open floor plans often feature large windows and glass doors to maximise natural light and create a strong visual connection with the outdoors and contributing to the bright and airy atmosphere.

Glass doors, such as sliding or bi-fold doors, can further blur the boundary between indoor and outdoor spaces, allowing for easy access and seamless transition.

Challenges of open floor plans

Lack of privacy and noise management - With limited walls and doors separating spaces, privacy concerns arise, especially if the dwelling has roommates or children sharing spaces. Acoustics also become an issue due to minimal soundproofing and less opportunity for insulation from external disturbances or household activities. Proper placement and specification of doors, hardware, acoustical treatments, and flooring choices can mitigate this problem.

Limitations with individual spaces - Open plans tend to blend functions into one another, which makes it difficult to define unique, personalised areas for individuals residing in the same space. Addressing this challenge calls for creativity and thoughtful design considerations related to scale, proportion, materials, textures, and colour schemes, ensuring clear yet subtle contrast between designated activity zones.

Limited storage options - As many open floor plans feature fewer built-in closets and enclosed cabinets, ample storage becomes essential to keep things organised. Clever storage integrations such as underfloor boxes, vertical cabinetry extensions, rollout pantries, concealed appliances, overhead racks, bookshelves, and sliding organisers provide efficient remedies to meet modern lifestyle requirements.

Potential clutter visibility - Because much of an open floor plan's design is visible at once, managing everyday chaos can prove more demanding compared to traditional homes featuring closed-off spaces. Effective decluttering techniques, proper use of multipurpose furniture, dedicated drop-zones, and clever curbside solutions assist in keeping open plans tidy while highlighting stylish aesthetics.

Tips for maximising open floor plans

Creative storage solutions - Since open floor plans often have reduced storage, implementing innovative ideas to utilise existing space becomes crucial. Well-designed, high-quality wardrobes, coffee tables with hidden compartments, wall shelving systems, built-in benches with drawers, and integrated kitchen islands serve multiple purposes while maintaining elegance and orderliness.

Effective lighting design - Appropriate illumination helps regulate moods and enhances perceptions of depth and dimensionality within vast expanses. Combining ambient light sources, task lights, accent fixtures, natural light harvesting, dimmers, automated controls, and energy-efficient bulbs tailors the atmosphere according to varied activities and timeframes, encouraging enjoyable experiences throughout the day.

Thoughtful colour schemes and finishes - Blending colours, patterns, tones, and textures establishes visual cohesion without compromising individual character in distinctive zones. Neutral hues supplemented by bold accents balance harmony with vibrancy, resulting in a delightful appearance reflective of user personality while remaining timeless. Moreover, durable and easy-to-clean materials selected for floors, countertops, and upholstery help sustain the flawless look, even when subjected to daily wear and tear.

How can we help you in creating the perfect open floor plan home?

From inception to completion, our dedicated service consultants ensure your dream home becomes a reality. From the moment you express your desire for an open floor plan home, our dedicated service consultants work closely with you. They discuss various options, collaborate on design choices, and offer valuable insights to help you make informed decisions. When it comes to your budget, we're committed to providing cost-effective solutions without compromising on quality. With industry expertise and a focus on your needs, we handle every detail so you can enjoy a seamless home-building experience without the stress.

Building a new home can be truly exciting, but several individuals find that they are so consumed by the project management and design aspects of their house that vital elements, such as electrical wiring, are often overlooked. If you get electrical requirements wrong, the consequences can be adverse, ranging from inconvenience to outright health and safety risks.

We all depend phenomenally on electricity, and so it is worth the effort to carry out some planning and to ensure that your house is functional, safe and effectively organised. Here are 5 key things regarding electric wiring for home that you need to consider.

1. Location of outlets

Firstly, it is necessary to determine the final position of electrical outlets as well as wiring for your communication devices. This is because you can then place all electrical equipment in the most appropriate place. That said, do not think there is no room for creativity. Obtain copies of your house plans, communicate with an expert electrician, and map out where electrical devices will eventually be placed. In this way, your electrician can design solutions that place the power outlets and cables precisely where you want them to be.

2. Type of wiring system

It is extremely important to realise that your complete electrical system consists of electrical service, lighting outlets, and a wide range of hardwired appliances. You should note that your electrical service must be of a sufficient size to match the needs of those residing in your home. Typically, 100-200 amps are sufficient for a standard-sized home. Moreover, there are 3 types of wiring systems: lead sheathed wiring, surface conduit wiring and concealed conduit wiring. Of these, concealed conduit wiring is in vogue because it offers an enhanced aesthetic appeal because the conduits are hidden behind the walls as well as plastering.

3. Extra power

In today’s 21st century world, where technology is highly advanced, several homeowners choose to incorporate large systems for audio and visual purposes, besides the need for home-based offices. If you are such a homeowner, it is wise to learn more about the options that are available for the electrical system in your home. Advanced wiring system comes into play at this juncture.

4. Energy efficiency

When it comes to electricity, most of us are concerned about rising costs and detrimental effects on the environment. Several individuals building new homes appreciate the fact that they can have access to a control system that can be used to moderate energy costs. These systems can be successfully controlled, and though these may seem futuristic, they can eventually save you money and make sure that your home is safe.

Besides helping you save money, an efficient control system will permit you to perform diverse functions such as operating the air-conditioning, regulating the pool, and controlling the operation of ventilation panels when you are not physically present.

5. Customisable lighting switches

Light switches top the electrical wiring accessories list. Your light switches need not be dull and drab. You can get extremely creative with them. For instance, LED-based control panels offer far more functional and visually appealing options than a standard analogue flick switch. You may do the same with power outlets. You can install USB-charging ports into walls to charge devices that power via USB. Talk to your electrician about how lighting switches can enhance the aesthetic appeal of your home.

Final word

Your dream home needs to be lit up, and for that, the electrical work should be done with precision, which will also ensure that there are no accidents. When doing the electrical work, make sure that you keep all the points mentioned above in mind so that you get the desired results. It can always be in your interest if you consult experts to help you guide through the entire procedure. If you seek such experts, you can contact JSW One Homes.    

Building your dream home is a significant financial milestone, and navigating the home loan approval process is a crucial aspect of this journey. In this guide, we will walk you through the various stages of home building, starting from understanding the common reasons for home loan rejection to practical tips on improving your chances of approval.

Understanding common reasons for home loan rejection
1. Poor credit score
Your credit score is a crucial factor in determining your eligibility for a home loan. Maintaining a high credit score through timely repayments is essential.

2. Error in credit report
Regularly check your credit report for any errors and rectify them promptly to avoid unnecessary rejections.

3. Delays in repayment of guaranteed loans
Loans you guarantee for others impact your credit history. Ensure timely repayment to maintain a positive credit record.

4. Frequent job hopping
Frequent changes in employment can create uncertainty for lenders. Aim for stability to boost your loan eligibility.

5. Lender's discomfort with employer profile
Your employer's reputation and the nature of your employment influence loan approval. Research lenders and their criteria.

6. Incomplete documentation
Ensure all required documents are complete and in order to facilitate an objective appraisal of your loan application. Provide detailed employment documentation, including offer letters, salary slips, and tax returns. This reassures lenders about your income stability.

7. Property issues
Verify if your chosen property adheres to guidelines, and its age doesn't hinder loan approval.

8. High level of debt
Having multiple loans and high-interest debt may raise concerns about your repayment capacity.

9. Age
Approaching retirement may impact loan approval unless you can demonstrate sufficient income to repay before retirement.

10. No dues certificate absence
Ensure the seller provides a "No dues certificate" for a property previously financed, preventing potential loan rejection.

Maintaining a healthy credit score

• Property due diligence: research and ensure your chosen property aligns with housing loan criteria.
• Compare lenders: different lenders have varying criteria; compare before applying for a home loan.

Practical tips for a successful home loan application

1. Evaluate debt-to-income ratio: maintaining a healthy debt-to-income ratio is a critical aspect of securing a home loan. This ratio, calculated by dividing your total monthly debt obligations by your monthly income, should ideally be 50% or lower. A lower ratio indicates a more favourable financial position, increasing your chances of loan approval. To achieve this:

Review current debts: assess your existing debts, including credit card balances, car loans, and other financial commitments.

Pay down debts: aim to reduce outstanding debts by paying them down. This not only improves your debt-to-income ratio but also enhances your overall financial profile.

Explore income-boosting options: consider opportunities to increase your income, such as taking on a part-time job or freelance work. A higher income can positively impact your debt-to-income ratio.

2. Prepare documentation in advance
Efficiently organising and preparing all necessary documents in advance is crucial for a smooth loan application process. Lenders typically require an array of documents, including income statements, tax returns, bank statements, and property-related legal documents. Here's how to approach this:

Create a document checklist: compile a checklist of all required documents for your home loan application. This may include proof of income, employment verification, and property-related papers.

Organise documents: neatly organise all documents in a dedicated file, making it easy to access and present them when required. A well-organised file streamlines the application process and reduces the likelihood of delays.

3. Select a sensible loan amount
Choosing the right loan amount is crucial for a sustainable financial future. Opting for an amount that aligns with your ability to repay ensures a comfortable financial journey. Consider the following steps:

Assess financial state: conduct a thorough assessment of your current financial situation, taking into account your income, expenses, and existing obligations.

Avoid overfunding or underfunding: determine a loan amount that meets your housing needs without overstretching your financial capacity. Overfunding may lead to financial strain, while underfunding may affect your property choices.

4. Limit new credit applications
During the home loan application process, it's advisable to refrain from seeking new credit, such as credit cards or personal loans. Multiple credit inquiries within a short period can negatively impact your credit score. To maintain a favourable credit profile:

Postpone new credit: delay applying for new credit until after your home loan is approved and finalised.

Maintain credit stability: a stable credit profile reinforces your creditworthiness, improving the likelihood of loan approval.

5. Get a pre-approval
Obtaining a pre-approval is a proactive step that streamlines the home-building process. A fully underwritten pre-approval involves a comprehensive review of your financial information. Consider the following:

Verification of financial information: a pre-approval involves a thorough verification of your income, assets, debts, and other financial details.

Facilitates quicker loan approval: with a pre-approval in hand, the final loan approval process becomes smoother, allowing for a quicker response once you find your dream home.

6. Create a down payment buffer
Saving for a substantial down payment demonstrates financial discipline and reduces the loan amount, making your application more attractive to lenders. Follow these steps:

Determine an adequate down payment: aim to save at least 20% of the property value as a down payment. This not only enhances loan attractiveness but also avoids additional costs like private mortgage insurance (pmi).

Showcases financial stability: a sizable down payment signals financial stability and responsibility to lenders.

7. Property selection matters
The property you choose plays a significant role in loan approval. Opt for a property with complete documentation, good resale value, and a stable price. Consider the following:

Complete documentation: ensure all documents related to the property, including title documents and approved maps, are in order.

Resale value: choose a property with a good resale value. Lenders prefer properties that are easy to sell and have a stable market value.

8. Explore affordable house building options
If eligible, consider affordable house building options that align with your financial goals. This may offer potential benefits such as lower interest rates. Take these steps:

Understand priority sector guidelines: explore whether your home-building project qualifies under the priority sector guidelines, potentially allowing for lower interest rates.

Consult with your bank: discuss affordable home-building options with your banker to understand the specific criteria and benefits.

Securing a home loan is a multifaceted process, from understanding the reasons for rejection to implementing practical tips for a successful application. By following these guidelines, you can navigate the home building stages with confidence, ultimately realising your dream of building a home that suits both your lifestyle and financial capacity. Remember, preparation and attention to detail are key to a smooth and successful home loan approval process.

The materials chosen for flooring will ultimately make or break the look of your house. The right flooring materials can enliven your house, whereas the wrong options can be detrimental to your house structure. So, choosing the right flooring during your home construction process will offer rich dividends in the long run.

Regarding flooring materials, there is a wide array of options to make a choice from. While natural materials such as marble, granite, and wood are popular, use of ceramic and vitrified tiles, too, are quite common.

Mentioned below are some of the factors that you need to consider before finalising your house flooring during the construction process.

• Budget

Because there is a plethora of splendid options for flooring, you must not get carried away merely by the looks and appearance. You need to take into consideration the cost of materials as well. The cost of the chosen material must be in line with your home’s overall cost.

• Durability

Flooring materials for your house must possess excellent resistance to wear, changes in temperature, and overall disintegration that time brings along with it. This is even more important in rooms that experience high traffic, such as the bathroom and kitchen. Mosaic, marble, tile, or concrete flooring is recommended for these areas.

• Availability

Make it a point to zero in on tiles that are available in ample quantities in the store. Wastage of tiles during the construction process is quite common, so you might want to select an option that you can easily get more of, instead of choosing something rare which makes it difficult to get extra pieces if a few are wasted. 

• Maintenance

After the initial fancy of residing in a new house fades away, your home flooring must be easy to maintain. Cleaning should consume minimal time without the need to put in too much effort. In addition, the flooring needs to possess excellent resistance against the absorption of grease and oil, among others. Flooring materials such as tiles, mosaic, and concrete need less maintenance in comparison with materials such as glass or wood.

• Room size and purpose

The size and purpose of a specific room are important factors to be considered while choosing good flooring options. For instance, when it comes to bathroom flooring, you need to explore anti-skid options, whereas with kitchen flooring tougher materials with additional grip are ideal. Similarly, for exterior spaces such as patios and balconies, you need to use materials that offer excellent resistance to sun, rain and dust. Large tiles are ideal for spacious rooms, but when it comes to small rooms, you need to opt for small tiles.

The final word

These are the factors to consider during the flooring stage of your home construction. We hope that when it comes to the question, “How to pick the right flooring?” you are empowered with the right answers. If you need more assistance with the same, you can contact our experts at JSW One Homes. 

Building a home can be an exciting yet challenging experience, and every detail counts, from the layout to the finishing touches. However, there's one aspect that often gets overlooked, and it's the elevation features. These features can have a significant impact on both the overall appearance and the budget of a home. We understand how important it is to have a home that not only looks beautiful but also fits within your budget. That's why we've put together this article to help you understand the importance of elevation features, the different types available, and how they can impact framing construction costs.

Understanding elevation features

Elevation features refer to the architectural elements that enhance the outward appearance of a building. These features serve functional and aesthetic purposes, contributing to curb appeal and overall value. Here are some examples of elevation features that enhance the outward appearance of a building:

• Gables: gables are triangular-shaped portions of a wall between the edges of a sloping roof. They add visual interest to the facade and can be designed in various styles, such as front-facing gables or cross-gables.
• Dormers: small structures projecting from a sloped roof, typically containing a window. They provide natural light and ventilation to attic spaces and break up the roofline, adding charm and character to the home's exterior.
• Porch: a porch is a covered area attached to the front, side, or rear of a house, providing a sheltered outdoor space. Porches can range from simple stoops to elaborate wrap-around designs, serving as welcoming entryways and places for relaxation.

• Bay windows: bay windows protrude from the exterior wall of a home, creating additional interior space and allowing more natural light to enter. They enhance the architectural appeal of a home and provide panoramic views of the surroundings.
• Entryway features: grand entryways with decorative doors, sidelights, transoms, and porticos make a solid first impression. These features can include ornate detailing, columns, or arches, adding elegance and sophistication to the facade.
• Rooflines: unique roofline designs, such as hipped roofs, mansard roofs, or butterfly roofs, contribute to the overall aesthetic of a home. These distinctive roof shapes complement the architectural style and add visual intrigue to the exterior.
• Exterior trim: decorative trim elements, such as crown moulding, dentil moulding, or corbels, can accentuate architectural details and create visual contrast. Trim work around windows, doors, and eaves adds sophistication and refinement to the facade.
• Siding materials and patterns: the choice of siding materials, such as brick, stone, wood, vinyl, or fibre cement, influences the appearance and texture of the exterior. Different siding patterns, such as board and batten, shake, or lap siding, can create visual interest and complement the overall design.

Design considerations

When incorporating elevation features into home design, factors such as architectural style, local climate, and homeowner preferences must be considered to ensure harmony and functionality. Design strategies to keep indoor spaces cool in hot Indian climates:

• Shading devices: extended eaves, trees, trellises
• Ventilation: large windows, operable louvres, cross-ventilation
• Building orientation: east-west axis, outdoor living spaces
  Reflective roofing materials: light-coloured or reflective roofs, overhangs, insulation
• Natural materials: stone or adobe, exterior walls, interior finishes
• Water features and greenery: fountains, landscaping, native plants

Impact on framing construction costs

• Material requirements: elevation features often require additional materials such as siding, trim, and structural components, which can increase material costs.
• Labour intensity: certain elevation features, such as intricate rooflines or custom trim work, may require more labour hours, leading to higher construction costs.
• Complexity of design: the complexity of elevation feature designs influences construction complexity, affecting both time and labour costs.
• Balancing cost and value: while some elevation features may incur higher upfront costs, they can enhance the resale value of a home, providing a favourable return on investment.

Cost-effective elevation strategies

• Prioritising key features: identify elevation features that offer the most value in aesthetics, functionality, and cost-effectiveness.
• Standardisation: standardising certain design elements can streamline construction processes and reduce material waste, lowering overall costs.
• Opting for prefabricated components: utilising prefabricated components for elevation features can reduce labour costs and minimise construction time.
• Collaborative design approach: engage with architects, builders, and homeowners early in the design phase to explore cost-effective elevation solutions without compromising design integrity.

We understand how important elevation features are when it comes to shaping a home's visual appeal and overall value. However, it's important to balance their incorporation with framing construction costs. We want to help you achieve desirable outcomes that enhance aesthetics and financial feasibility in your home-building project. By comprehending the impact of elevation features on construction expenses and implementing cost-effective strategies, we can make your dream home a reality without compromising the budget.

When we refer to concrete in the construction industry, we imply reinforced concrete. RCC construction, or concrete reinforced cement, is the actual term. RCC is concrete that contains steel bars, also known as reinforcing bars. Due to the high compressive strength of concrete and the ease with which steel can be produced on-site, this formula works very well.

What is Reinforced concrete or RCC?

Concrete that has been reinforced with steel fibres, plates, or bars is known as reinforced concrete (RCC). RCC construction is widely employed since such materials increase load-bearing capability. Instead, it has surpassed all other building materials in terms of usage. It is one of the last decade's critical developments in real estate technology. Reinforced structures made of concrete are created so that the two parts work together to withstand the applied forces. Concrete's compressive strength and steel's tensile strength combine to form a solid bond that can bear particular pressures for an extended period. Most construction projects cannot employ plain concrete because it cannot easily handle the strains brought on by vibrations, wind, or other external forces.

Why does RCC construction rule the roost?

Before RCC, the existing facilities were made of concrete. The problem that arose was that the structural integrity of the buildings failed, resulting in an early collapse. The leading cause was the lack of concrete treatment for the tensile pressures on the structure. However, with RCC construction, the building system's endurance increased significantly. As RCC-built structures were better able to withstand tensile force, they quickly rose to prominence and maintained their dominance throughout the years.

Developments in RCC concrete technology

Over the last three decades, RCC concrete technology has experienced significant advancement. Precast concrete, which has become a common material, has replaced ordinary and reinforced cement concrete in terms of strength and other previous structural qualities. Fibre-reinforced concrete, carbon concrete, ferrocement, sulphur concrete, lightweight concrete, autoclaved cellular concrete, high-density ready-mixed concrete, self-moulded concrete, roller moulded concrete, high-strength concrete, and high-performance hard concrete are some of the concretes that have been developed as a result of subsequent work. Of these, the major forms of RCC are:-

1. Fibre-reinforced concrete -  The application of this concrete is typically employed for both new construction and pavement overlays. Various kinds of mineral, organic, and metal fibres can be used for this. Fibre-reinforced concrete structures include prefabricated concrete systems, concrete reactor pressure vessels, blast-proof structures, machine frames, tunnel liners, and thermal impact-resistant structures. Steel fibre reinforced concrete has a substantially higher thermal shock and heat spill resistance than ordinary cement.

2. Polymer concrete -  Polymer concrete is utilised depending on the monomer mix type. much more polymer concrete than regular concrete. This is used in the construction of lightweight concrete structures, prefabricated cement buildings for heavy use, desalination structures, concrete tubes, blocks, and tiles, as well as surface protection for cast-on-site concrete and tunnel supports.

3. Ferrocement - The form, quantity, orientation, and strength characteristics of the mesh influence the reinforced concrete type known as ferrocement. The external cover is between 2 and 3 mm thick and ranges from 2 to 3 cm. The thickness can differ. Fishing and container shipbuilding, crop storage, biogas and digesters, fermentation tanks, cooling towers, septic tanks, irrigation channels, agricultural product drying panels, concrete shutters and forms, waterproofing treatment for RCC buildings or RB rooftops, and tank or pool covers are all applications for this. It has been successfully employed in India by the Material Science Group of SERC (G) to build domes, sizable reservoirs, manhole covers, drainage units, etc.

Usage of RCC while constructing a home

The importance of a foundation in any construction is not unknown. Every construction project starts with laying a strong foundation. It is a crucial element that will determine how long the construction lasts and how damage-resistant it is. RCC in the foundation of the house is used because it works with steel to bear the substantial load. Combining the steel’s tensile strength and the concrete’s compressive strength results in a sturdy home that can resist significant pressure for a very long time. RCC is also used in constructing beams, columns, footings, lintels, stairs, roofs and slabs in the house.

RCC Advantages

1. RCC constructions have a longer load-bearing path due to their stronger steel core.ne of the best building materials, concrete is well known for its strength and durability.  Natural disasters like earthquakes and tornadoes have been known to cause the material on its surface to collapse. In places that are vulnerable to natural disasters, reinforced concrete is a highly sought-after building material because of the steel it contains for reinforcement. High-quality TMT Steel rods that strengthen the cement-concrete mixture increase its strength.

2. The square inch area of the interior rooms serves as a gauge for a building's actual size. It is possible to build even enormous halls or auditoriums quickly in RCC because the columns support most of the weight. Brickworks require walls to keep their loads, reducing the rooms' size. The preference for RCC for the same benefit of more significant areas and tailored structures results from changes in lifestyle preferences, the construction industry, and the commercial sector.

3. If built for two floors or less, brickworks are less expensive than RCC. However, total costs such as labour, material, and wall areas lead to a costly brick-and-mortar building. In the long run, the RCC buildings are a cost-effective choice due to their durability.

4. RCC creates more robust bonds with the steel centre's durability, bonds that hold firm during a catastrophe or other awful calamities. Brick-and-mortar buildings lack a solid core and glue that can endure powerful forces, which makes them less dependable. Because of this, RCC constructions are more reliable and long-lasting for both people and property.

These are just a handful of the many factors slowly making brickworks obsolete and only being utilised for aesthetic purposes due to RCC structures. The RCC is the future construction technology, and its promises are supported by a sector undergoing rapid change. The construction sector in India contributes significantly to the country's expanding GDP and economy and exports goods, including steel, cement, and completed goods. Click here to read more such construction articles! 

If you are thinking of building a new home, you may have often wondered, “How much will it cost?” You probably may have, what you believe, is a good quote from a builder. However, that is just a part of the overall cost. Arriving at the actual cost of building your home may be far more complicated because there are hidden costs that need to be considered. The hidden costs of new construction can blow your mind. Let us take a look at some of these hidden costs.

1. Site preparation

You may be dreaming about the “move-in” date; however, before construction can even commence, your building lot will need clearing and grading, with special attention needed for site drainage, which is an essential and integral part of the groundworks carried out on the site to begin the above ground construction and also avoid water clogging at the construction site. If your planned home has a basement, there will be a requirement for excavation. And surely, water and power lines need to be laid and immaculately connected to your home. Moreover, there is always a risk that your builder may encounter large rocks after they begin digging. Because it is almost impossible to know what lies beneath the soil, the expense to remove these obstacles falls to the homeowner. Before the rolling of heavy equipment, be crystal clear as to who is responsible for all these known and unknown expenses.

2. Landscaping

Several new builders include both front-yard landscaping as well as landscaping in the backyard. Talk to your builder and get down to the specifics of their landscaping policy. Pose questions regarding what is included and what is not: fences, decks, pathways, shrubbery, trees, driveway. If not, make it a point to set aside sufficient money to add everything you need so that you do not have to compromise on the safety or luxury of your home.

3. Modifications

You may think you have everything covered; however, in the middle of the construction process, you may feel that the living room requires additional pot lights or that you really need a double sink in your master bathroom. 

Keep in mind that modifications will translate into additional labour as well as material costs. What’s worse, they may slow down other sections of the project. This does not mean that you must never deviate from your original plan – especially if it means incorporating an element that is close to your heart – but be thoroughly prepared for project delays and additional expenses. To avoid roadblocks, it’s best to plan beforehand and consult with an expert to help you understand everything you need to know and chart everything accordingly.

4. Extras

If you plan on customising your home, be prepared to pay the price. Minor things such as upgraded cabinet hardware, or major things such as upgraded countertops can translate into a shock to your pocketbook. Your builder may generally offer a basic finish package, which may or may not include home appliances. If these are included, you may opt for swankier models, by shelling out more money, of course. In addition, unlike when you purchase a home from a different homeowner, you will be responsible for taking care of all the window treatments. Based on the shape, size, and number of windows that you plan on having, there will be a substantial rise to your initial budget.

5. Furniture

You may already have existing furniture; however, if you are moving into a larger home, you are likely to need much more. Moreover, even if you are in the process of downsizing, you are probably going to need to choose some exquisite pieces to up the “style” quotient of your new home that you have worked so hard and diligently to create.

The final word

Building a new home can be both satisfying and exciting; however, there is no doubt that it is a significant undertaking. Without proper planning and thought, expenses can spiral out of control. Always remember that no matter how you plan and research, the chances are high that a hidden cost will surprise you. So, set aside a little extra money for security, but we’re certain, with us on your side, you won’t need to spend it.

For many people, houses are merely four walls and a roof. But the construction of your dream home takes so much more than this. The construction industry employs various building materials for different parts of a home. The most popular materials used in home construction are concrete, steel, wood, masonry, and stone. Each is suitable for a variety of uses because of its variations in strength, weight, and longevity. The usage of building materials in the construction sector is governed by national regulations and testing procedures, ensuring that they will provide structural integrity. Architects also consider cost and aesthetics while choosing materials.

Building materials are often divided into two categories: natural and man-made. Concrete, masonry, and steel are man-made materials, while stone and wood are examples of natural materials. However, both must be prepped or treated before being used in construction. Here is a list of popular construction materials used in home construction.

1. Bricks – The first thing we notice during any construction work is a stack of bricks. Any time there is construction going on, a mound of bricks is the first thing we see. Because of their durability, capacity for withstanding high temperatures, and ease of construction, they are one of the most extensively used raw materials. Therefore, it should go without saying that bricks are necessary for building a house. Bricks are available in a wide variety, including hollow bricks, burnt clay, fly ash, concrete, sand-lime, engineered porotherm, and sun-dried burnt clay. These bricks are all manufactured differently and have varied uses. For instance, columns, walls, and a house's foundation can all be constructed with burnt clay bricks, also called "common brick."

On the other hand, a builder will utilise porotherm smart bricks, also known as "eco brick," while creating an environmentally friendly house. These hollow bricks are very strong and provide excellent thermal insulation. They are therefore entirely regarded as eco-friendly for this reason.

2. Steel - Steel is a metal alloy made of iron, carbon, and other alloying components to increase its strength and fracture resistance over iron. Due to the extra chromium in its composition, stainless steels resist corrosion and oxidation. Structural engineers use it for the structural framework of tall contemporary structures and large industrial facilities because it is so robust relative to its weight and size. Following are some of its attributes:

• Steel has excellent weight-to-strength and size-to-strength ratios.

• Compared to other metals, it is expensive. Structural experts can offer advice when selecting the sizes to employ in a home to sustain the actual weight of the structure.

• Concrete installation takes more time than steel.

• It can be installed in any environment.

• However, if installed or maintained incorrectly, steel is subject to corrosion.

3.   Concrete - Concrete is a composite substance comprised of fine and coarse aggregates (such as gravel, crushed stone, recycled concrete, and geosynthetic aggregates) that are joined by a liquid binder like cement that hardens or cures over time. The most popular type of cement is Portland cement, which is made of grinded materials heated in a kiln with clay and limestone before being mixed with gypsum. Thus, the mineral aggregate is combined with Portland cement, water, and Portland cement to create Portland cement concrete. After mixing, the cement cures or hardens to form the concrete-like substance we are familiar with. Below are some of the attributes of concrete: -

• Concrete may be poured into a mould to assume almost any shape and harden into a substance similar to stone.

• When constructing building schedules for concrete construction, engineers and architects must account for the hardening time, which takes at least seven days to cure.

• It is the best material for a house foundation because of its adaptability, affordability, and strength. A concrete home foundation is typical because it can support a big load and withstand the stresses of the surrounding environment.

• To increase the tensile strength of concrete, engineers often reinforce it with steel rods or bars.

4. Sand - Sand is another crucial component utilised in building construction. Sand comes in various types, much like steel and bricks. Concrete sand, pit sand, river sand, M-sand, utility sand, and fill sand are the six types used in construction in India. Concrete sand, as its name implies, is created by crushing concrete and is frequently used in cement and asphalt mixtures. After being crushed, the sand for concrete is filtered to remove pebbles and other foreign objects. River sand is a fine-graded, white-grey sand collected from rivers and streams' banks. Since no additional manufacturing expenditures are involved because this sort of sand is found naturally, it is less expensive. M-sand, also known as manufactured sand, is created in a factory, unlike river sand. Since it is easily accessible and gives concrete outstanding durability and strength, this sand is frequently used instead of river sand in construction. 

Each of these materials has unique qualities, such as weight, strength, cost, and durability, making it appropriate for specific applications. The choice of materials for building a house depends on their cost and ability to withstand the loads and pressures placed on the structure. You can work with your structural engineer to decide the type of materials depending on your requirements.

Managing a construction project requires a team of architecture, engineering, construction, and project management professionals. The Project Owner is responsible for financing and overseeing the project, and the Construction Project Manager is responsible for planning, coordinating, and supervising all aspects of construction. The General Contractor is responsible for daily operations, while Construction Estimators assess the project's costs. Subcontractors are hired for specialised tasks. When it comes to effective project management in home construction, especially for individuals building their own homes, there are several key strategies to keep in mind:

Define clear goals and requirements: start by clearly outlining your requirements, including the number of bedrooms and bathrooms, kitchen and living area layout, and unique features. Consider any special needs, such as accessibility, and prioritise features like smart home technology or outdoor living spaces. Defining your budget upfront will help you stay within your financial constraints.

Create a detailed plan: develop a comprehensive project plan outlining every construction process step, from obtaining permits to final inspections. Break the plan into manageable phases and set realistic deadlines for each stage. A comprehensive plan includes design, procurement, construction processes, inspections, and project closeout. Each phase represents a significant stage, such as site preparation, foundation, framing, electrical and plumbing installation, interior finishing, and landscaping.

Hire the right team: building a home requires a team of skilled professionals, including architects, contractors, and subcontractors. Take the time to thoroughly vet potential team members and ensure they have the expertise and experience needed for your project. JSW One Homes builds homes with innovation and excellence. Each project is unique, from material selection to design customisation, ensuring your home reflects your style perfectly. With plenty of options, we make creating your dream home easy.

Communication is vital: establish clear lines of communication with everyone involved in the project, including your construction team, suppliers, and any other stakeholders. Regularly communicate updates, changes, and any concerns to keep everyone on the same page.
 

Monitor progress closely: stay actively involved in the construction process by regularly monitoring progress on-site. The project manager or contractor should conduct regular site visits to inspect the quality of work, address concerns, and update homeowners. As an individual home builder, you can track progress, review completed tasks, and outline upcoming milestones during these visits.

Manage costs carefully: construction projects can quickly go over budget if costs need to be carefully managed. Keep track of expenses throughout the project and be prepared to adjust if necessary to stay within your budget.

Prioritise quality and safety: invest in high-quality materials and ensure all work is done to code to avoid costly mistakes. Investing in shingles or metal roofing is important for better protection against the elements. Additionally, the building components like electrical, plumbing, and structural systems must meet specific requirements according to building codes.

Stay flexible: despite careful planning, unexpected issues can arise during construction. Stay flexible and be prepared to adapt to changes as needed while keeping your overall goals in mind.

Document everything: keep thorough records of all communications, contracts, permits, and receipts related to the project. This documentation can be invaluable in resolving disputes, tracking expenses, and ensuring the project stays on track.

Plan for the future: finally, think about your home's long-term maintenance. Consider incorporating energy-efficient features, durable materials, and low-maintenance landscaping to ensure your home remains comfortable and functional for years.

Field elements can have a significant impact on the workflow of construction projects. There may be instances when you must physically inspect a problem before resolving it. Project management tools can provide real-time collaboration features, allowing stakeholders to instantly communicate and share updates. Also, look for tools that offer photo documentation and annotation capabilities to help capture and address issues identified during site visits.These visits allow for essential face-to-face interactions and are integral to the work process. It's essential to familiarise yourself with the construction site. The home construction industry constantly evolves, with new equipment, practices, safety requirements, and advancements emerging yearly.

Building a new home is an exciting journey, filled with dreams of your ideal living space coming to life. However, it's also a significant investment requiring careful planning and consideration. Whether you're a first-time home builder or have some experience in construction, there are common mistakes that many beginners tend to make. In this blog, we'll explore some of these pitfalls and how to avoid them, ensuring a smoother and more prosperous new home construction process.

1. Skipping the planning phase: thorough planning is one of the most crucial steps in new home construction. Rushing into the project without a well-thought-out plan can lead to costly changes and delays. Take the time to envision your ideal home, consult with professionals like JSW One Homes, and create detailed blueprints that outline every aspect of the construction process.

2. Underestimating the budget: it's easy to get carried away with ideas and features for your new home, but it's essential to be realistic about your budget. Make sure to account for the construction costs and additional expenses such as permits, landscaping, and furnishing. A buffer for unexpected costs also prevents financial strain during the build.

3. Ignoring energy efficiency: with the growing emphasis on sustainability, energy-efficient design should be a priority in new home construction. Incorporating features such as proper insulation, energy-efficient appliances, and solar panels reduces your carbon footprint and saves you money on utility bills in the long run.

4. Neglecting quality materials and workmanship: cutting corners on materials or opting for the cheapest contractor may seem like a cost-saving measure initially, but it can lead to problems later on. Invest in high-quality materials and skilled labour to ensure the longevity and durability of your new home. 

5. Not communicating effectively: clearly convey your expectations, ask questions, and quickly address any concerns. Regular updates and walkthroughs during the construction process can help prevent misunderstandings and ensure that your vision is being realised.

6. Forgetting about permits and regulations: building codes and regulations vary by location, and obtaining the necessary licenses is a non-negotiable step in new home construction. Failure to comply with local laws can result in fines, delays, or even the demolition of your home. Make sure to work with professionals who are familiar with local building codes and ensure that all permits are obtained before construction begins.

7. Not allowing for enough time: building a new home takes time, and delays are almost inevitable due to weather, material availability, or unexpected issues that may arise during construction. Be realistic about the timeline and factor in buffer time to accommodate delays without feeling rushed or stressed.

8. Working with a below-average contractor or builder: as mentioned earlier, selecting the right contractor or builder is crucial for the success of your new home construction project. However, falling into the trap of hiring a sub-par contractor can lead to many problems. Poor workmanship, non-compliance with construction practices, and the use of inferior materials are just a few issues you might encounter. To avoid this, thoroughly research potential contractors, seek recommendations from trusted sources, and insist on visiting their previous works to assess quality firsthand.

9. Quality of materials, specifically cement: while the overall quality of construction materials is essential, special attention should be given to the cement used in your new home. Cement adulteration is common, and using substandard cement can compromise the structural integrity of your home. Avoid purchasing loose or tampered bags to ensure you get quality cement. When inspecting the cement, look for a smooth and excellent texture, indicating its freshness and quality.

10. Not future-proofing your project: while certain features may seem appealing now, they may need to be more practical and functional in the long term. For example, extravagant fittings or installations may age poorly or become obsolete. Instead, focus on timeless design elements and invest in durable materials that will stand the test of time. Consider factors such as ageing in place, accommodating a growing family, or potential resale value.

11. Lack of focus on structural integrity: ensure your builder follows proper construction techniques and adheres to building codes to guarantee a safe and stable living environment. Investing in quality materials and skilled labour for the structural elements of your home is essential for its long-term durability.

12. Ignoring natural light and ventilation: neglecting to incorporate adequate windows, skylights, and ventilation systems can result in dark, stuffy interiors that are unpleasant to inhabit. During the design phase, maximise natural light and airflow to create a bright, airy atmosphere throughout your home. This enhances the aesthetic appeal and contributes to energy efficiency and occupant well-being.

13. Overlooking storage and organisation: incorporate built-in storage options such as closets, cabinets, and shelving units into your design to optimise space utilisation and keep belongings organised. Additionally, consider innovative storage solutions that maximise vertical space and utilise underutilised areas, such as under-stair storage or built-in furniture with hidden compartments.

14. Ignoring the importance of landscaping: while the focus is often on the home itself, landscaping plays a significant role in your property's overall look and feel. Plan your landscaping alongside the construction process, considering drainage, sustainability, and curb appeal factors.

By being mindful of these additional points, along with the previously mentioned ones, you can navigate the new home construction process with greater confidence and avoid common pitfalls. Remember, thorough planning, attention to detail, and collaboration with experienced professionals are key to achieving your dream home while minimising potential mistakes.

Modern home design has become increasingly popular when building a new home that reflects your style and embraces contemporary trends. With their clean lines, minimalist aesthetics, and innovative features, modern residences offer a fresh take on living spaces. In this blog post, we'll explore some of the best modern home designs that have captured the essence of the 21st century.

Open floor plans:
The concept of open floor plans continues to be popular, emphasising spacious and interconnected living spaces. It enhances natural light flow and encourages a sense of openness in modern house plans.

Application: Use furniture and area rugs to define different zones within the open layout without the need for physical barriers.

Large windows and glass walls:
Incorporating large windows and glass walls not only maximise natural light but also connect indoor spaces with outdoor surroundings. This promotes a sense of continuity and brings nature indoors.

Application: Choose light-coloured window treatments and install floor-to-ceiling windows when building a new home. 

Minimalist design:
Embracing minimalist design principles involves clean lines, simple colour palettes, and a focus on essential elements. This design philosophy enhances the sense of space and reduces visual clutter. Neutral colour schemes, including whites, greys, and earth tones, are popular in modern design. These colours create a timeless and versatile backdrop for various design elements.

Flexible spaces:
When building a new home, designing flexible spaces that can adapt to different needs over time is a key consideration. This could include multi-functional rooms that can serve as home offices, gyms, or guest rooms.

Outdoor living spaces:
Integrating outdoor living spaces, such as patios or decks, expands the usable area of the home and enhances the connection between indoor and outdoor living.

High ceilings:
High ceilings contribute to an open and airy feel, making rooms appear more spacious. This design element adds a sense of grandeur to modern house plans.

Concrete and metal finishes:
Industrial materials like concrete and metal are often used in modern design. Exposed beams, concrete floors, and metal accents contribute to an urban and contemporary look.

Application: Soften the industrial look with warm-toned textiles and natural materials like wood.

Integrated storage solutions:
Incorporating built-in storage solutions in modern home design, such as hidden cabinets and wall niches, helps maintain a clean and organised living environment without sacrificing aesthetics.

Innovative kitchen designs:
Modern kitchens often feature innovative designs, such as large kitchen islands, sleek cabinetry, and integrated appliances, creating a functional and visually appealing space.

Floating staircases:
Floating staircases contribute to a modern aesthetic, providing a visually striking element that adds architectural interest.

Dynamic architectural features:
Modern homes may feature bold architectural elements such as asymmetrical facades, cantilevered structures (a shape that is fixed at one end and extends out over empty space), and unique geometric shapes that add visual interest.

Application: Consult with an architect to incorporate unique architectural elements that suit the overall design and provide visual interest.
 

Conclusion
Modern house plans have truly redefined contemporary living spaces. Whether you seek a small space solution, a sustainable sanctuary, or a luxurious retreat, a modern home design can cater to your needs and preferences. So, why not explore these innovative and inspiring designs and consider how they might influence your living space?

Estimating home construction time is crucial as it sets the pace and expectations for the entire project. It provides a roadmap for builders, homeowners, and all involved parties, guiding them through the process. Accurate time estimates ensure efficient planning of resources, including materials, labour, and finances, preventing unnecessary delays and cost overruns. Moreover, it allows homeowners to schedule their lives around the construction period, minimising disruptions and ensuring a smoother transition into their new 
home.

Factors influencing construction time in india

Climate and weather conditions:
India experiences diverse climatic conditions across different regions. Monsoons, in particular, can significantly impact construction activities. Heavy rainfall and extreme weather conditions during certain seasons can halt work, cause structural damage, and affect the transportation of materials, leading to delays in construction projects.

Availability of skilled labour:
The availability of skilled labour in India can fluctuate, impacting construction schedules. The construction industry often faces challenges in finding and retaining skilled workers due to factors like migration, varying skill levels, and sometimes inadequate training programs. Shortages or fluctuations in the labour force can result in delays and affect project timelines.

Material availability and sourcing:
The construction industry heavily relies on various materials, and their availability and sourcing can impact project timelines. Factors such as supply chain disruptions, market demand, transportation challenges, and fluctuations in material costs can lead to delays in acquiring necessary construction materials, affecting the pace of the project.

Regulatory approvals and permits:
Navigating through the regulatory landscape in India, which involves obtaining necessary approvals and permits, can be time-consuming. Bureaucratic processes, paperwork, and compliance with regulations at local, state, and national levels can cause significant delays in initiating and progressing construction projects.

Size and complexity of the project:
The size and complexity of a construction project directly influence the time required for completion. Larger projects often entail longer planning, coordination, and execution periods. Additionally, projects with intricate designs or unique requirements may need more time for specialised construction techniques, detailed planning, and coordination among various stakeholders, impacting the overall construction timeline in india.

Breakdown of time required for each construction phase:

The construction process typically involves various phases, each with its timeline. In india, these phases might include site preparation, foundation laying, structural work, masonry, roofing, plumbing, electrical work, finishing, and landscaping. While the duration of each phase can vary, a rough estimate might allocate 15-20% of the total time to the foundation, 25-30% to structural work, 20-25% to finishing, and the rest for other phases, with flexibility for external factors.
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Tools and methods for calculating construction time

Gantt charts and project management software:
Gantt charts are visual project management tools that display tasks, their durations, and dependencies over time. They offer a clear timeline of when each activity should start and finish, enabling project managers to schedule, coordinate, and track progress efficiently. Project management software often integrates Gantt charts and additional features for resource allocation, task dependencies, and team collaboration, enhancing overall project planning and time estimation accuracy.

Critical Path Method (CPM) and Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT):
CPM and PERT are mathematical techniques used for scheduling and managing complex projects. CPM identifies the critical path—a sequence of tasks determining the shortest possible project duration. It helps in identifying tasks that cannot be delayed without extending the overall project timeline. PERT, on the other hand, uses statistical analysis to estimate project duration by considering uncertainty in activity duration estimates. Both methods aid in identifying crucial tasks, dependencies, and potential delays, facilitating more precise time calculations.

Use of historical data and benchmarks:
Drawing from historical data and benchmarks from previous similar projects plays a vital role in estimating construction time. Analysing past project timelines, performance, and outcomes allows for the identification of patterns, trends, and factors that influence construction time. This data-driven approach helps in making more accurate predictions, setting realistic timelines, and mitigating potential risks based on past experiences.

Tips for accelerating construction time

Streamlined planning and design: thorough and precise planning at the design stage is crucial. Clear and detailed blueprints help minimise changes during construction, reducing delays caused by design alterations.

Pre-fabrication and off-site construction: prefabricated components off-site can significantly speed up construction. Pre-made elements, such as wall panels or roofing, can be assembled quickly on-site, reducing labour and construction time.

Effective project management: employ project managers adept at efficient resource allocation, scheduling, and coordination. Using project management software or tools like gantt charts aids in monitoring progress, identifying bottlenecks, and adjusting timelines accordingly.

Parallel task execution: identify tasks that can be performed simultaneously without compromising quality or safety. Overlapping certain activities, like foundation work while planning interiors, can compress the overall timeline.

Skilled labour and team collaboration: ensure a skilled and dedicated workforce. Promote collaboration among teams to streamline communication, prevent errors, and enhance productivity.

Optimised supply chain management: maintain a robust supply chain to ensure timely availability of materials. Partnering with reliable suppliers and having backup plans for material shortages mitigates delays.

Technology adoption: embrace construction technology like Building Information Modelling  (BIM), drones, or project management software. These tools enhance efficiency, accuracy, and communication among stakeholders.

Effective communication and decision-making: clear communication channels and prompt decision-making prevent misunderstandings and delays. Empower on-site personnel to make informed decisions swiftly.

Quality control without compromise: while aiming for speed, maintain a stringent focus on quality. Addressing issues promptly prevents rework, which can significantly delay completion.

Continuous monitoring and adaptation: regularly assess project progress, anticipate potential obstacles, and adapt plans accordingly. Flexibility in adjusting schedules can help manage unexpected challenges.

Taking these factors into account is crucial for accurate estimation of construction time in India, allowing for more realistic project planning and management.

Steel is a popular building material because of its strength and durability. Steel is a common material for builders and consultants due to its low price and excellent tensile strength.

The types of steel used in building houses frequently change based on the size and scale of home construction. However, the most common kinds include weathering steel, carbon steel, light gauge steel, tool steel, alloy steel, and structural steel.

Do you want to know more about the primary steel used in building homes? Continue reading as we go over all you need to know about steel and its applications in building projects.

1. Steel Rebar- A rebar is a steel bar or a mesh of steel wires referred to as reinforcing steel. This steel is utilised in reinforced concrete and masonry structures to add additional strength to bear load pressure. To improve the strength of the connection formed with concrete, the surface of the rebar is frequently patterned.

Rebar is frequently used in construction to give concrete favourable qualities. For instance, concrete is typically weak in tension despite being robust in compression. Rebar is precisely cast into the concrete, increasing its overall tensile strength and enabling it to support heavy tensile loads. Due to its almost identical thermal expansion coefficient, steel is typically preferred as rebar when working with concrete since it prevents the structure from buckling or weakening when the overall temperature increases.

• Rebar is an essential building material utilised to support and resist design loads. Rebar steel comes in various forms, and each offers unique features depending on the type of construction.

• Rebar is essential for lowering the possibility of cracking and counteracting the dangers of stresses brought on by temperature. This extends the structure's lifespan and permits the structure to maintain its stability.

• Rebar spreads concentrated loads across a wider area, which helps maintain a house's structural integrity.

2.Carbon Steel - As its name implies, carbon steel is a form of steel that contains more carbon than other types of steel. This type of steel has a carbon content reaching up to 2.5%, greatly enhancing the structure's strength and making it perfect for use in massive structures.

*There are three types of carbon steel: low-carbon steel, medium-carbon steel, and high-carbon steel. Because of the variety of possibilities, carbon steel is perfect for various construction tasks.

* Products produced of carbon steel are more robust than those manufactured of low carbon steel due to the high carbon content.

* It is also an excellent material for building fire, tornado, hurricane, and earthquake-resistant houses.

3. Alloy Steel - Carbon steel is combined with one or more alloying elements, such as manganese, nickel, copper, titanium, aluminium, and chromium, to create alloy steel. Usually, alloying components are added to carbon steel to give it advantageous features that raise its worth for building.

Depending on the type of construction, the elements are typically added in various ratios or amounts while making alloy steel. Certain alloys enhance the steel's hardness, corrosion resistance, general strength, ductility, and weldability. Alloy steels are typically preferred for domestic construction projects because of their improved corrosion resistance and hardenability. Additionally, alloy steels can maintain their overall toughness and strength.

4.Stainless Steel - Compared to alloy steel or carbon steel, stainless steel is a steel alloy with more excellent resistance to rust and weathering. Chromium, molybdenum, or nickel are a few of the elements frequently found in stainless steel. The outstanding corrosion resistance of stainless steel is due to the high chromium content. This is so because chromium promotes the production of chromium oxide, a rough layer that improves steel's ability to resist corrosion. Contractors can use steel's strength-to-weight ratio by employing higher grades of stainless steel, which means using less material than would be necessary with other metals.

5.Structural Steel - Steel that is made with a specific shape or cross-section, chemical makeup, and strength values is known as structural steel. This steel is easily shaped into various forms, including the L-shape, I-beam, T-shape, and Z-shape. Unlike concrete, its high constructability enables it to be welded or bolted together during construction and used immediately.

The best steel to utilise in a house project will vary depending on its specifics. This is because every type of steel has characteristics that either enhance or jeopardise a building's structural stability. Therefore, it is essential to look at a project's strength requirements and other characteristics like corrosion resistance, tensile strength, and ductility to ensure the proper type of steel is chosen. By considering these elements, you can ensure that your dream home is constructed with the right sort of steel.

Sustainability isn’t just a trend; it’s a smart choice for anyone planning to build a home. For Indian home builders, a sustainable approach can make your dream home more efficient, cost-effective, and eco-friendly. At JSW One Homes, we’re here to guide you through the process with materials and techniques that fit your goals and lifestyle. Let’s explore how you can create a sustainable, comfortable space to call your own.

Why build a sustainable home?

Choosing sustainability comes with many benefits:

A healthier planet: Reduce your home’s environmental impact and conserve precious resources.

Energy savings: Reduce electricity use with smart design and efficient materials.

Cost-effectiveness: Enjoy lower utility bills and reduced maintenance costs over time.

Healthier living: Create a healthier indoor environment with non-toxic materials.

Materials for sustainable home construction

1. Recycled steel and concrete

Recycled steel and concrete are excellent for building sturdy structures while reducing waste. These materials are durable and reliable and save natural resources by reusing existing ones.

2. Fly ash bricks

Fly ash bricks offer a modern, sustainable alternative to traditional clay bricks. Made from a by-product of thermal power plants, they’re lightweight, strong, and energy-efficient. 

3. Bamboo

Bamboo is a superstar material in sustainable construction. It grows quickly, has incredible strength, and looks fantastic when used for flooring, roofs, or decorative elements.

4. Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) blocks

AAC blocks are lightweight, great for insulation, and quicker to construct. They’re also made from non-toxic materials, making them safe and efficient.

5. Low VOC paints and finishes

Low VOC (volatile organic compound) paints and finishes help improve indoor air quality by reducing harmful emissions. They’re a healthier choice for your family and the environment.

6. Solar reflective roofing materials

Roofing materials with high solar reflectance keep homes cooler, lowering their dependence on air conditioning and saving energy.

Techniques for sustainable home building

1. Passive solar design

Designing your home to take advantage of natural sunlight and airflow can reduce the need for artificial lighting and air conditioning. It’s a simple way to save energy year-round.

2. Rainwater harvesting systems

Collect and store rainwater for gardening, cleaning, or even drinking after proper filtration. This system is a lifesaver in water-scarce areas.

3. Energy-efficient windows and insulation

Investing in double-glazed windows and good insulation helps keep your home’s temperature stable, so you’ll use less energy to stay comfortable.

4. Green roofing systems

Green roofs are layers of vegetation installed on roofs. They provide insulation, reduce urban heat, and even create a mini ecosystem right at home.

5. Greywater recycling

Reusing water from sinks and showers for gardening or flushing is a smart way to conserve water and reduce waste.

6. Modular construction

Modular construction methods reduce material waste and speed up the building process. They’re also flexible, making it easier to adapt designs as needed. 

Conclusion

Building a sustainable home isn’t just about reducing your environmental impact; it’s about creating a space that works for you and your family in the long run. By choosing eco-friendly materials and techniques, you’re investing in a greener and brighter future. 

Property valuation, which is also referred to as real estate valuation, is a crucial process that involves determining the market value of a property. It plays a vital role in the real estate industry and is utilised by different stakeholders, including investors, buyers, sellers, and banks, and it can also be employed for insurance purposes.

To evaluate a property's value, various factors such as its size, age, condition, location, and potential profitability, among other things, are taken into account. This article focuses on the critical aspects of property valuation in India and provides essential information that buyers, sellers, and investors need to know.

Process of valuation

1. To initiate the property valuation process, owners must submit essential documents, such as property tax receipts, title deeds, etc., to a certified property valuer or real estate appraiser.

2. The valuer then physically inspects the property, considering factors such as size, layout, construction, condition, and legality.

3. Apart from this, the valuer also considers the location of the property, proximity to markets, offices, hospitals, demand for real estate in the area, and infrastructure.

4. After evaluating all these factors, the valuer prepares a property report or appraisal report highlighting the property's strengths and weaknesses.

Types of appraisal methods

There are various techniques available for the evaluation of a residential property, and some of them are –

1.Comparative method - In this approach, a property appraiser determines the market value of a property by comparing it with similar properties with similar characteristics, such as houses of the same size or houses located in the same area.

 2. Residual method - The residual method is employed when the property is evaluated for future developmental purposes like renting/leasing or redevelopment. In this method, the real estate appraiser considers various factors, like development cost, building cost, fees, profit, etc., to determine the property's value.

 3.Cost method - The cost method, which is also referred to as the contractor's method, determines the actual value of a property by considering factors such as the construction cost, land value, and other related aspects, as well as the property's depreciation cost.

Benefits of property valuation

There are many benefits of conducting a valuation of your property, such as -

1.Real estate valuation provides a precise estimation of a property's value, which is crucial for buyers, sellers, and lenders to make informed decisions about the property. For buyers and sellers, an accurate property valuation helps them negotiate prices and choose the best deals for the property.

 2. Lenders rely on house valuation to determine the property's value, decide whether to approve or reject a loan application, and determine the loan amount, interest rates, and other details. Insurance companies use real estate valuation to evaluate the property before offering insurance coverage and decide on the insurance premium and sum assured based on the property's value and income-generating abilities.

 3.Real estate valuation is also essential for real estate investors to decide whether to invest in a property, how much to invest, and the property's potential for returns. Finally, real estate valuation can play a vital role in legal disputes, where property appraisals can be used as evidence in court.

 4.Property valuation can be useful for property owners in making estate planning decisions and determining how to divide the property among their beneficiaries.

 Real estate valuation is an essential process that can benefit all parties involved, such as buyers, sellers, investors, lenders, and insurers. It enables the calculation of a property's market value, which can be useful in price negotiations, obtaining loans, making investments, and obtaining insurance coverage. Additionally, property valuation is crucial in estate planning and resolving legal disputes. Therefore, it is essential to consider the results of a property valuation before making any significant real estate-related decisions.

India is a country with significant seismic activity, lying on the Indian Plate which is part of the Indo-Australian Plate. This geographical positioning makes many regions in India prone to earthquakes. Techniques like shock absorbers, reinforced concrete, and retrofitting old structures are key developments in this area.

Why are properties most vulnerable to earthquakes?

• Weak construction: properties built with poor construction practices or without adherence to seismic building codes are highly vulnerable. Weak joints, inadequate reinforcement, and lack of proper load-bearing elements can lead to collapse or severe damage during an earthquake.
• Brittle materials: properties constructed with brittle materials such as unreinforced concrete or brittle steel are susceptible to earthquake damage. These materials lack the flexibility needed to absorb seismic energy, making them prone to cracking, fracturing, or collapse.
• Poor foundation: properties with shallow or inadequate foundations are at risk of settlement, tilting, or sliding during earthquakes. Weak foundations can cause the entire structure to become unstable, leading to partial or complete collapse.
• Liquefaction: properties built on loose, water-saturated soil or reclaimed land are vulnerable to liquefaction during earthquakes. Liquefaction occurs when the soil loses its strength and behaves like a liquid, causing homes and infrastructure to sink or tilt.

• Slope stability: properties on steep slopes or areas prone to landslides are vulnerable to slope instability during earthquakes. 
• Location: properties near active fault lines or regions with high seismic activity are at increased risk of earthquake damage. Geological conditions, such as proximity to fault lines or soil type, can amplify ground shaking and increase the likelihood of structural failure.

Several key features characterise earthquake-resistant homes in india:

• Structural design: one of the primary considerations in building earthquake-resistant homes is the structural design. Engineers employ techniques such as reinforced concrete frames, bracings, and shear walls to enhance the home’s ability to withstand seismic forces. These designs distribute the energy an earthquake generates throughout the structure, minimising damage.
• Foundation: the foundation of earthquake-resistant homes is crucial. Deep and well-anchored foundations, such as pile foundations, are commonly used to ensure stability during seismic events. The foundation transfers the home's load to the ground to minimise the risk of settlement or collapse during an earthquake.

• Materials: the choice of construction materials also plays a significant role in the earthquake resistance of homes. High-quality materials such as reinforced concrete, steel, and composite materials are preferred for their strength and flexibility. These materials can absorb and dissipate seismic energy, reducing the impact on the structure.
• Building codes and regulations: India has established building codes and regulations that govern the construction of earthquake-resistant homes. The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) has developed codes such as is 1893 (part 1): 2016, which provides guidelines for seismic design and construction practices. Adhering to these codes ensures that buildings are constructed to withstand seismic forces effectively.
• Innovative technologies: With advancements in engineering and construction technologies, innovative solutions for earthquake-resistant homes are emerging. This includes using base isolation systems, which decouple the building from the ground motion, dampers, and shock absorbers to mitigate seismic forces.
• Awareness and education: educating architects, engineers, builders, and homeowners about earthquake-resistant construction practices is essential for ensuring the widespread adoption of these techniques.

Soil testing is a crucial step in ensuring the structural stability and earthquake resistance of homes in India. It involves analysing the soil composition, density, and other properties at the construction site. A structural consultant conducts this testing to assess the soil's suitability for building foundations and to determine necessary precautions against seismic activity.

For earthquake-resistant homes in India, obtaining a stability certificate from a structural consultant is imperative. This certificate provided by JSW One Homes confirms that the home's design and construction meet earthquake-resistant standards and are safe for habitation.

Despite these efforts, challenges still must be overcome in implementing earthquake-resistant construction practices across india. These include issues related to the enforcement of building codes, the need for more awareness among stakeholders, and economic constraints for implementing advanced technologies. However, with continued emphasis on research, education, and policy support, the construction of earthquake-resistant homes in India is gradually improving, thereby enhancing the resilience of communities against seismic hazards.

A home building project's success hinges significantly on the contractor's role, influencing various critical facets. Home construction contractors are linchpins of project management, from ensuring top-notch workmanship for a durable, functional, and aesthetically pleasing home to adeptly managing timelines, subcontractors, and materials procurement. Their knowledge of building codes ensures legal compliance, while their cost-effective strategies and problem-solving skills navigate challenges, keeping projects on budget and schedule. Effective communication and collaboration among all stakeholders, facilitated by the contractor, streamline operations, reducing misunderstandings and delays. Ultimately, a skilled and client-focused contractor guarantees adherence to standards and prioritises client satisfaction, making their choice a pivotal factor in the project's overall success.

What are the factors to consider when selecting a contractor?

• Experience and reputation: look for home contractors with a proven track record in similar projects. Consider their years of experience, expertise, and reputation within the industry. Reviews, referrals, and testimonials can provide valuable insights.
• Licensing and insurance: ensure the contractor holds the licences and permits required for your location. Verify their insurance coverage, including liability and workers' compensation, to protect against potential liabilities.
• Portfolio and past projects: review the home construction contractors's portfolio of past projects. This allows you to assess the quality of their work, design aesthetic, and capability to handle projects similar to yours.
• References and recommendations: request references and speak with past clients. Their experiences can offer valuable information about the contractor's reliability, communication skills, and work ethic.
• Clear contracts and documentation: reputable home renovation contractors provide detailed contracts outlining project timelines, costs, materials, and responsibilities. Clear documentation helps prevent misunderstandings during the project.
• Communication and compatibility: effective communication is vital. Ensure the contractor is open to discussion, responsive to queries, and can understand your project vision. Compatibility in working styles and communication is key.
• Financial stability and resources: assess the contractor's financial stability and resources. This includes their ability to secure materials, manage subcontractors, and handle the financial aspects of the project without delays or issues.
• Safety and compliance: ensure the contractor follows safety protocols and complies with building codes and regulations. A commitment to safety reflects their professionalism and care for the project's integrity.
• Timeline and availability: discuss the project timeline and ensure the contractor can start and complete the work within your desired timeframe.
• Warranty and after-sale service: inquire about warranties on workmanship and materials. A contractor who stands behind their work and offers after-sale service provides added peace of mind.

What are the three methods of selecting a contractor?

• Competitive bidding: this method involves soliciting bids from multiple contractors based on project specifications or blueprints. Contractors submit their proposals outlining costs, timelines, and project approaches. The selection typically favours the contractor offering the most competitive bid while meeting project requirements. It's a common method for public projects or when cost is the primary consideration.
• Negotiation: in this method, the owner directly negotiates with a selected contractor. The choice may be based on prior experience, reputation, or referrals. Negotiation allows for more flexibility in discussing project details, including pricing, timelines, and specific terms. It's common for projects where quality, expertise, and a collaborative relationship with the contractor are significant factors.
• Qualification-Based Selection (QBS): QBS prioritises a contractor's qualifications, experience, and expertise over cost.  Once selected, negotiations on price and other terms follow. This method is often used for complex projects where expertise and experience weigh heavily in the home contractors’ selection process.

Contracts and legal issues in home construction
When embarking on a home-building project, one of the most pivotal aspects is establishing a robust contract with your chosen contractor.

Contract essentials

• Detailed scope of work: the contract should explicitly define the project scope, materials to be used, timelines, and specific tasks to be performed by the contractor.
• Clear payment schedule: establish a transparent schedule detailing milestones or phases when payments are due. Ensure that payment terms align with the progress of the project.
• Change orders: include provisions for change orders—any modifications or additional work requested during the project. Outline how these changes will be addressed regarding cost and timeline adjustments.
• Contingencies and dispute resolution: contingencies for unforeseen circumstances or project delays should be addressed. Additionally, outline the process for dispute resolution, whether through mediation, arbitration, or legal means.

Payment schedules, change orders, and contingencies

• Payment schedules: break down the payment structure into specific percentages of amounts tied to project milestones (e.g., initial deposit, completion of foundation, framing, etc.). Ensure that payments are contingent upon completed work.
• Change orders: any changes to the original scope of work should be documented through change orders. These should detail the modifications, associated costs, and impact on the project timeline. Both parties should sign off on these changes.
• Contingencies: unforeseen circumstances like weather delays, material shortages, or permit issues can affect the project timeline and budget. Discuss and include provisions for handling such situations in the contract.

By considering these factors and methods, along with meticulous attention to contractual details, an individual home builder can significantly enhance the likelihood of a successful home building project.

In the vibrant tapestry of Indian culture, the pooja room holds a special place in modern home design. These sacred spaces within homes serve as a haven for spiritual practices, offering a serene escape from the hustle of everyday life. Constructing a pooja room is not merely a matter of aesthetics but a profound reflection of cultural traditions and spiritual beliefs. This blog will explore the essential tips for creating pooja rooms in a traditional contemporary house, blending age-old wisdom with contemporary living.

Understanding vastu principles

Vastu Shastra is a traditional Indian system of architecture based on ancient texts that describe principles of design, layout, measurements, and space arrangement. Vastu Shastra is a collection of ideas and concepts that are models for the organisation of space and form within a building or group of structures based on their functions, usage, and the overall fabric of the Vastu. Understanding the principles of Vastu Shastra is essential to aligning the pooja room when you build a new house.

1. Aligning pooja room with vastu guidelines:
The pooja room in a traditional contemporary house is the most sacred place in the house, and it is essential to align it with vastu guidelines. The location of the prayer area is crucial, and it should not be constructed under a staircase, right in front of the main door, next to the toilet, or sharing a wall with a bathroom or bathing room. The pooja room should be placed in a well-lit and ventilated area to ensure good energy regulation when you build a new house. The best direction for setting the mandir or temple at home is the northeast direction or Ishan Kona, considered auspicious according to vastu. The temple must be set high, such that the feet of the idols should be at the level of the devotee's chest.

2. Placement of deities according to vastu:
The placement of deities in the pooja room is also essential to align with Vastu guidelines of a traditional contemporary house. The idols should not face each other and should be placed at least an inch away from the wall when you build a new house. Lamps and diyas should be placed in the southeast, and metallic accessories, especially brass, should be used to decorate the pooja room. Keeping a copper vessel filled with water in the pooja room is also beneficial to absorb the negativity that lures in your home.

3. Customisation and personalisation:
The beauty of pooja rooms lies in their ability to reflect each family's unique traditions and preferences. While adhering to cultural norms, it's essential to customise the space to resonate with family traditions. Choosing specific deities, incorporating family heirlooms, or integrating regional art forms can add a personalised touch, making the pooja room a deeply intimate space for the family.

4. Storage and organisation:
Pooja rooms are places for rituals and repositories of sacred items and scriptures. When you build a new house, designing built-in cabinets and shelves ensures organised storage for pooja essentials in modern home design. Maintaining neatness and order in these spaces is not just a matter of convenience but a spiritual practice, reflecting a commitment to purity and discipline.

5. Integration with home architecture:
A pooja room in modern home design should seamlessly blend with the overall architecture to become an integral part of a home. This doesn't mean sacrificing traditional aesthetics for modern designs. Instead, it involves creating a harmonious transition between spaces, ensuring that the pooja room becomes an extension of the home's architectural and spiritual identity.

6. Ritual accessibility and convenience:
Accessibility is a key consideration when designing pooja rooms. Essential items like aarti thalis, sacred books, and other ritual tools should be easily reachable. Comfortable seating arrangements for family members during ceremonies are necessary, fostering an environment where spiritual practices can be carried out with ease and devotion.

7. Technological integration:
While tradition is significant in constructing pooja rooms, there's also room for embracing modernity in a traditional contemporary house. Integrating smart features, such as audio-visual enhancements for religious practices or app-controlled lighting, can complement traditional rituals. Striking a balance between tradition and technology ensures that the pooja room remains relevant in contemporary times.

Maintenance and upkeep:
A sacred space requires regular maintenance for cleanliness and to preserve the items' sanctity. Everyday cleaning rituals, proper storage practices, and the use of easy-to-maintain materials contribute to the longevity of the pooja room. This ensures that the spiritual energy within the space remains pure and undisturbed.

Cultural sensitivity:
India is a land of diverse cultures, and constructing pooja rooms should reflect this diversity. Respecting various traditions, adapting designs for multigenerational families, and promoting inclusivity are integral aspects. A pooja room should be where individuals from different backgrounds feel a sense of belonging, fostering unity in diversity.

Constructing a pooja room in a traditional contemporary house is a delicate balance between honouring ancient wisdom and embracing contemporary living. It goes beyond mere construction; it is about creating a sacred haven that resonates with the family's spirituality. By incorporating Vastu principles, traditional designs, and personalised touches, a pooja room becomes more than a physical space—it becomes a spiritual anchor in the home, fostering a connection to tradition, culture, and the divine.

Home loans are secured loans. So, lenders require certain property documents before they sanction the loan. Different lenders may require their own specific documents as well as other criteria that need to be successfully met.

Mentioned below is a complete list of documents that are needed to apply for a home loan.

General documents needed for a home loan

1. Completed application form for a home loan

2. Photographs (passport size)

3. Proof of identification (POI) (any one of those mentioned below)

• Aadhaar Card

• PAN Card

• Passport

• Driving License

• Voter’s ID Card

1. Proof of address/residence (POA) (any one of those mentioned below)

• Passport

• Ration Card

• Bank Passbook

• Voter’s ID Card

• Utility Bills (such as Electricity Bill, Water Bill, Gas Bill, Telephone Bill)

• LIC Policy Receipt

• Letter issued by a recognised authority, verifying the address of the customer

2. Proof of age (any one of those mentioned below)

• Passport

• Aadhaar Card

• Birth Certificate

• PAN Card

• 10th Class Marksheet

• Driving Licence

• Bank Passbook

3. Documents Indicating Income

For salaried individuals:

• Form 16

• Certified letter obtained from the employer

• Salary slip (of past two months)

• Increment/Promotion Letter

• Income tax returns (of past three years)

Besides proof of income for salaried individuals, he/she may be required to submit any proof of investments (such as shares, fixed deposits, etc.) along with passport-size photographs.

For self-employed individuals:

• Income tax returns (or ITR) of the past three years

• Balance sheet as well as profit and loss account statement of the company or firm (which has been duly attested by a chartered accountant)

• Business licence details (or some other equivalent document)

• The licence of professional practice (such as those for doctors, consultants, etc.)

• Registration certificate of the establishment (for factories, shops, and other establishments)

• Proof of business address

Property documents needed for a home loan

• NOC (No Objection Certificate) from builder/society

• An in-depth estimate of the cost of constructing the house

• Registered sale deed, allotment letter, or stamped agreement of sale with the builder (only original document)

• Occupancy Certificate (when it comes to ready-to-move-in properties)

• Electricity bill, maintenance bill, and property tax receipts

• Receipts of advance payments executed towards the purchase of the flat (only original document)

• An approved copy of the building plan (floor plan/key plan when it comes to purchasing of flats)

• Original land tax paid receipt and possession certificate, as issued by the Revenue Authority

• Payment receipt/bank account statements demonstrating payments made to the builder/seller

Documents needed for loans for under-construction homes

• Proof of age and proof of address

• Proof of income

• Identity proof

• Proof of educational qualifications (such as certificates or mark sheets)

• Completed application form

Documents needed when the applicant is a senior citizen/pensioner

• 1 colour photograph (Passport size)

• Proof of identity (Passport/Driving licence/PAN card/Voter ID card)

• Proof of address/residence (Licence/Utility bills/Registered rent agreement)

• Proof of age (Passport or PAN card)

• Proof of income (Bank statement or Pensions returns)

Documentation plays a vital role because this is the sole way by which lenders get to know their customers in a better manner. The process of documentation when it comes to a home loan is a tad complicated because it is a secured loan. Here, you must provide a guarantor and security in the form of property papers so that lenders can trust you and sanction the loan without facing any risks.

On a final note

Residing in one’s own home is no longer a dream. With the help of a home loan, this necessity can be fulfilled with relative ease. 

One critical aspect that can go unnoticed by individual home builders is the use of proper shuttering and formwork. These temporary moulds play a vital role in shaping the concrete structure and directly impact the quality and safety of the finished build. This blog highlights the technical considerations in choosing and implementing shuttering and formwork, ensuring your construction project meets the highest standards.

The role of shuttering and formwork

Shuttering and formwork refer to the temporary moulds that support fresh concrete as it sets and hardens. These moulds define the shape and surface finish of concrete elements such as walls, columns, beams, and slabs. The quality of the formwork used during construction depends on the finished structure's durability, strength, and safety. 

Poor-quality formwork can lead to issues such as honeycombing, weak points in the concrete, and compromised safety, all of which can lead to costly repairs or structural failures. Therefore, selecting the right type of formwork and ensuring proper installation is critical for individual home builders.

Types of formwork materials

Formwork can be made from various materials, each with benefits depending on the project's requirements. The most common materials used for formwork in individual home construction include:

• Timber formwork: widely used in smaller-scale residential projects, timber is versatile and easy to work with. However, it is susceptible to moisture, and the quality can degrade with repeated use. Timber formwork is generally economical for single-use or short-term projects.
• Steel formwork: steel formwork offers high strength, durability, and precision. It is suitable for projects requiring multiple uses or high-quality finishes. Steel formwork ensures greater uniformity in concrete casting, making it ideal for larger home construction projects. Its resistance to warping and deformation enhances both quality and safety.
• Plywood formwork: often used in conjunction with timber, plywood offers a smooth surface finish for concrete. It is lightweight, easy to handle, and cost-effective for walls and slabs.
• Plastic formwork: increasingly used for small to medium-sized construction projects, plastic formwork is lightweight, reusable, and provides good surface finishes. It is particularly useful for home builders looking to reduce waste and improve sustainability. 

Key considerations for quality formwork

For individual home builders, ensuring the quality of formwork requires careful planning and execution. Below are essential technical considerations:

• Assembly accuracy: formwork should be assembled precisely to ensure the final structure maintains accurate dimensions and alignment. Misaligned formwork can lead to structural issues such as uneven floors or walls, impacting aesthetics and integrity.
• Surface preparation: before pouring concrete, ensure the formwork is properly prepared. This includes applying release agents to prevent the concrete from sticking to the mould, reducing damage to the formwork and the surface.
• Bracing and support: proper bracing and support are critical to avoid collapse or deformation during the concrete pouring. Inadequate support can result in bulging or misaligned concrete, compromising safety and requiring rework.
• Joint sealing: ensure that joints in the formwork are properly sealed to prevent leakage of concrete slurry. Any leakage can weaken the concrete and lead to voids, reducing the structure's overall strength. 

Ensuring safety in formwork

Safety is paramount in every stage of home construction, and formwork poses particular hazards if not handled correctly. The following measures can help individual home builders ensure safety during the formwork process:

• Structural stability: always check that formwork is adequately supported and braced. Loose or unstable formwork can lead to accidents during concrete pouring, as the pressure from the wet concrete can cause shifts or collapses.
• Load-bearing capacity: the formwork must be designed to bear not only the weight of the wet concrete but also additional loads such as construction workers and equipment. Overloading can cause the formwork to buckle or fail.
• Inspection and maintenance: formwork should be regularly inspected for signs of damage, especially if reused. Cracks, deformations, or weakened components should be repaired or replaced before further use.
• Worker training: ensure that all workers involved in formwork assembly and dismantling are properly trained in safe handling techniques. Formwork incidents are common in construction, and proper training significantly reduces the risk of accidents. 

Dismantling formwork

Dismantling or striking formwork requires careful planning to avoid damaging the concrete or causing safety hazards. Following the appropriate curing time is essential, as removing formwork prematurely can lead to structural failures. Before removing any supports, always begin dismantling the formwork from the top and ensure the structure has reached the required strength.

For individual home builders, high-quality shuttering and formwork are essential to ensuring the durability of a home construction project. 

Crafting a construction timeline is fundamental to project management, ensuring your home building endeavour stays on course and within budget. Let's explore some key strategies to help you master this vital task.

Define project outcomes: clearly define your project goals to start your construction timeline. These objectives should be specific, measurable, and achievable. Imagine you're a homeowner aiming to build a home, four-bedroom house within a year, with a X budget. These goals form the basis for your construction timeline.

Understand the timeline: Use Excel, Google Sheets, or project management software like Microsoft Project, Trello, or Asana. Alternatively, draw the chart by hand on graph paper or a whiteboard. List tasks in order, assign timeframes and indicate task dependencies. This visual representation allows for easy progress tracking and identification of potential delays. At JSW One Homes, we understand the importance of aligning construction schedules with personal commitments, ensuring a seamless building experience for our clients.

Prioritise tasks: pinpoint the critical path, which denotes the sequence of tasks crucial for on-time project completion. Prioritise tasks along this path to allocate resources efficiently and prevent delays that could impact the entire timeline.

Resource management: once the critical path is identified, allocate resources effectively. This includes workforce, equipment, and materials. Ensure timely availability and efficient utilisation of all resources to avert delays and budget overruns.

Periodic project evaluation: monitor project progress to track task statuses against the construction timeline. Regular monitoring identifies potential issues early, allowing for timely corrective actions such as resource reallocation or timeline adjustments.

Seek expert advice: consult with architects, contractors, and other professionals to gain insights into realistic timelines for each stage of construction. Their expertise can help you set achievable goals and anticipate potential delays.

Consider personal schedules: factor in your schedule and commitments when planning the construction timeline. Be realistic about the time you can dedicate to the project and adjust timelines accordingly to avoid unnecessary stress and conflicts.

Evaluate realistic timelines: understand the time requirements for each stage of construction and set realistic timelines based on expert advice and your schedule. JSW One Homes builds homes with a focus on realistic timelines, ensuring timely completion without compromising on quality.

Developing a comprehensive construction schedule from start to finish. Determining project scope and timeline:

1. Begin by clearly defining your project's scope and timeline.
2. Consider the type, sise, and location of the project and any potential obstacles like weather delays.
3. Work backwards from your desired completion date to establish a realistic timeline.
4. Breaking the project down into manageable stages, such as planning, excavation, construction, and finishing. Within each phase, identify and list the tasks required for completion.
5. Assigning timeframes to tasks and estimate the duration of each task based on experience or industry standards. Identify task dependencies to ensure a smooth flow of work throughout the project.
6. Review the construction schedule regularly to identify potential delays or issues. Adjust timelines or resource allocations as needed to keep the project on track.

By following these steps, you can develop a comprehensive construction schedule that ensures your project runs smoothly from start to finish. Efficiency is key in construction projects, and a well-crafted schedule is crucial. Here are some strategies to help you create a quality construction schedule that maximises efficiency:

• Comprehensive project planning: develop a detailed project plan that outlines the scope, budget, timeline, and required resources. This helps identify potential risks and challenges early on.
• Realistic schedule creation: Create a realistic construction schedule that considers task durations, critical paths, and potential delays, which factor in external variables like weather conditions to avoid surprises.
• Promote collaboration: encourage collaboration among team members to identify and solve issues efficiently. Clear communication and teamwork contribute to a positive project dynamic.

Identify areas for improvement and make necessary adjustments to optimise efficiency and ensure timely completion. By implementing these tips and strategies, you can effectively manage your home construction timeline and deadlines, ensuring a successful and timely completion of the project.

The cost of materials is crucial in determining the expenses involved in building a house. Several factors can influence the overall budget, making it challenging for builders and homeowners to manage construction costs effectively. That's why it's essential to carefully evaluate material choices, market conditions, and project specifications to make informed decisions. We hope this information helps you make the best choices and build your dream home without any worries.
 

• Cost of raw materials: raw materials such as lumber, concrete, steel, bricks, roofing materials, insulation, wiring, plumbing fixtures, etc., form the essential components of a house. Fluctuations in the prices of these materials directly affect the overall construction cost. For instance, if lumber prices increase due to supply chain issues or tariffs, it can significantly raise the cost of building a house.

• Location: material costs can vary depending on the geographical location of the construction site. Transporting materials to remote areas can incur higher transportation costs, which the homeowner may pass on.
• Market demand: high demand for certain materials can drive up their prices during periods of high construction activity, such as a housing boom, the demand for materials increases, leading to higher prices. Conversely, material prices may decrease during economic downturns due to reduced demand.
• Quality and specifications: the quality and specifications of materials chosen for construction also impact costs. High-quality, durable materials typically come at a higher price than lower-grade alternatives. Additionally, specialised materials or custom orders may incur extra expenses.
• Design complexity: the complexity of the house design can influence material costs. Intricate architectural designs or unique features may require custom-made materials or additional structural support, leading to higher expenses.

• Energy efficiency and sustainability: incorporating energy-efficient or sustainable materials, such as insulated windows, solar panels, or eco-friendly insulation, can initially increase construction costs but may result in long-term savings through reduced energy consumption and lower utility bills.
• Fluctuations in market prices: material prices are subject to fluctuations influenced by global supply and demand, geopolitical events, currency exchange rates, and natural disasters. These fluctuations can lead to unpredictable cost variations throughout the construction process.
• Contractor relationships: established relationships with suppliers and contractors sometimes result in discounted material prices. Builders who regularly purchase materials from specific suppliers may negotiate better deals, reducing overall construction expenses.

Elevation materials, including exterior finishes and architectural elements, contribute significantly to a house's overall aesthetic appeal, durability, and maintenance requirements. Here's how material costs for elevation impact house-building expenses:

• Exterior finishes: choosing exterior finish materials, such as siding, stucco, brick, stone, wood, or vinyl, significantly influences the overall construction cost. Each material option is priced based on quality, durability, maintenance requirements, and aesthetic appeal. For example, natural stone and high-end brick can be more expensive than vinyl siding or stucco.

• Roofing materials: roofing materials, including asphalt shingles, metal roofing, clay tiles, concrete tiles, or slate, contribute to the visual appeal and weather protection of a house. The cost of roofing materials varies based on the material type, quality, longevity, and complexity of installation. High-quality roofing materials often come with a higher initial cost but may offer better durability and longer lifespan, reducing maintenance expenses.
• Architectural elements: architectural elements such as trim, mouldings, columns, shutters, decorative accents, and window frames add character and charm to the exterior of a house. The choice of materials for these architectural details can significantly impact construction costs. Natural wood, composite materials, or high-quality PVC may incur higher initial costs than standard options. Still, they can enhance the property's overall aesthetic appeal and value.
• Specialised features: incorporating specialised features such as balconies, porches, decks, pergolas, or ornate facades can elevate the visual appeal of a house but may also increase construction expenses. These features often require specific materials, custom fabrication, and additional structural support, contributing to higher costs.

• Maintenance and longevity: when selecting elevation materials, it's essential to consider the initial cost, long-term maintenance requirements, and durability. Materials that require minimal upkeep and offer superior longevity may result in lower overall expenses over the life of the house despite potentially higher upfront costs.

To construct a low-cost house in India, you can minimise expenses by employing efficient construction techniques and affordable building materials. Taking advantage of low-cost housing schemes can further aid in realising your dream home at a reasonable price. First, select the appropriate property and low-cost materials while employing load-bearing structures. Engaging an experienced contractor or reputable construction company such as JSW One Homes can ensure quality within budget constraints. Additionally, incorporating prefabricated building components can streamline construction and reduce costs.

In interior design, where trends evolve and tastes vary, one style stands out for its sleek and sophisticated appeal—contemporary house design. Born out of a fusion of modernism and a nod to the present, contemporary design in home construction embodies a dynamic blend of clean lines, minimalism, and a touch of innovation. In this exploration, we delve into the defining characteristics that make modern house plans truly contemporary.

1. Clean lines and simplicity
At the heart of contemporary house design lies a commitment to simplicity. Clean lines and a streamlined aesthetic define this style, reflecting a departure from the ornate and intricate designs of traditional house design. Furniture with crisp edges and straightforward shapes contribute to an uncluttered and open atmosphere. The essence is to create a space that feels calm, organised, and visually appealing without the need for excessive embellishments.

2. Neutral colour palette with bold accents
Modern house plans often embrace a neutral colour palette, providing a versatile canvas that allows other elements to take centre stage. White, beige, grey, and black dominate the contemporary colour spectrum, promoting a sense of sophistication and timelessness. However, this simplicity is often punctuated with bold accent colours—vibrant reds, blues, or greens—that inject personality and interest into the space. These pops of colour can manifest in furniture, artwork, or decor accessories, creating focal points within the room.

3. Open and airy spaces
Contemporary homes are characterised by an emphasis on open and airy spaces. Large windows and strategic placement of mirrors amplify natural light, making rooms feel more spacious and inviting. The layout often favours an open-floor plan, eliminating unnecessary walls and barriers to encourage a seamless flow between different areas. This design choice not only enhances the functionality of the space but also creates an atmosphere of modernity and connectivity.

4. Innovative materials and textures
In home construction, contemporary decor uses a wide range of materials like glass, metal, and concrete. These materials not only contribute to the clean and sleek aesthetic but also reflect a commitment to innovation. Unconventional textures, such as smooth polished surfaces and matte finishes, add depth and visual interest. The juxtaposition of different materials creates a dynamic and eclectic feel, reinforcing the idea that contemporary design is not confined by tradition.

5. Minimalist approach to furniture and decor
A key tenet of contemporary home design is the minimalist approach to furniture and decor. The mantra "Less is more" is evident in the carefully curated selection of furnishings when building a house. Furniture pieces often have a functional and sculptural quality, serving as both practical elements and works of art. The accessories are chosen with precision, contributing to the overall aesthetic without overwhelming the space. The focus is on quality over quantity, with each piece making a deliberate contribution to the overall design.

6. Technology integration
In a world driven by technological advancements, modern house plans seamlessly integrate technology in home construction. From smart home systems to sleek and minimalist electronic devices, technology is not hidden but embraced as part of the decor. This can include hidden wiring, built-in sound systems, and even high-tech appliances that complement the overall modern aesthetic.

7. Eclectic artwork and sculptures
Contemporary design often incorporates eclectic artwork and sculptures that serve as focal points in a room. These pieces can range from abstract paintings to avant-garde sculptures, adding a touch of personality and cultural diversity. The key is to choose artwork that resonates with the homeowner, contributing to the overall ambiance of the space while maintaining a sense of individuality.

8. Sustainable and eco-friendly choices
In line with contemporary house design in the present and the future, sustainability plays a significant role in modern home decor. Homeowners often opt for eco-friendly materials, energy-efficient appliances, and sustainable furniture pieces. This not only aligns with the values of environmental consciousness but also reflects a commitment to longevity and timeless design.

Conclusion: A timeless tapestry of modern elegance
Contemporary home decor, with its emphasis on simplicity, innovation, and a harmonious blend of elements, transcends the confines of passing trends. It is a celebration of the present moment, a testament to the ever-evolving nature of design. Through clean lines, neutral palettes, and a careful curation of elements, contemporary design creates spaces that are not only visually stunning but also functional and adaptable. It is in the intersection of tradition and modernity that contemporary home design finds its place—a timeless tapestry of modern elegance that continues to shape the way we define and experience our living spaces.

So, you have decided to build your dream home from scratch? Congratulations! This is by no means an easy feat to achieve because it needs a lot of effort and investment. Moreover, things can get really stressful at times, especially when things do not go your way. That said, the eventual result is sure to be a permanent asset for you. 

At this juncture, you may be wondering “what are the different stages of building a house?” You need not fret over this, because we are breaking down every single stage of home building from the commencement of construction to the precise moment you are handed over the keys. So, let’s get started.

1. Preparation of the site

The task of home construction commences with site preparation and clearing. If the need arises, earth levelling is carried out. After the site is levelled, clear, and ready, you along with the builder will successfully stake out a floor plan on site. Experiencing the floor plan in person is indeed a wonderful moment. Kudos to you!

2. Floor slab

The next stage in building a home is installing the primary concrete floor slab. The Foundation will be eventually dug, caged, and poured as per the specifications of your structural engineer. Moreover, plumbing will also be laid out in this phase. The next step is the pouring the main concrete floor.

3. Framing (walls and roof structures)

Next up is building your house’s main structure. This stage of home building is one of the most exhilarating ones. There exist different methods of home construction that use diverse raw materials: steel, concrete, brick, timber, among others. That said, the basic principle stays the same: you will witness the rising of your home walls from the slab. This first sight is sure to take your breath away.

4. Roofing

Post-construction of the walls as well as the roof structure, the roof will be meticulously installed with efficient waterproofing.

5. External finishes

Building home plans at this stage will be inefficient because exterior walls will be immaculately finished. Block, brick, and concrete external walls will be rendered and painted according to your bespoke preferences. Conversely, if your home has a light-framed structure such as steel or wood, cladding and insulation of the structure is essential with a material of your choice: wooden planks or GRP (Glass Reinforced Plastic) panels. In-depth research at this stage will pay off in the end.

6. Windows and doors

Now that the heavy site work is executed, you can breathe a sigh of relief! Next up is the installation of windows and external doors. This makes your house completely watertight and well protected. Internal sections of your house may now see some action in the form of plumbing, electrical work, and finishing.

7. Rough-ins

Plumbers and electricians will now install pipes and electrical cables, respectively. This stage of building home design is also called “roughing in” because they will not connect the pipes and cables to live sources, until later in the process of construction. So, you will have to wait with bated breath.

8. Internal finishes

Post-installation of pipes and cables, work will commence on the floor finishes, internal wall finishes, and non-structural internal walls. Some of the tasks that will be carried out include tiling, plastering, painting, and installation of finished floors.

9. Carpentry

At this stage, house construction carpenters will begin working on the installation of built-in furniture such as bedroom closets and kitchen cabinets. Ensure that you give free rein to your imagination at this point.

10. Fixtures, fittings, and equipment

Fixtures, Fittings, and Equipment (or FF&E) is the last significant stage of homebuilding. Your plumber will install faucets, sinks, water closets, showers, and several other wet systems. In addition, your electrician will install lights, switches, and power outlets, eventually making the system live. Lastly, you will receive delivery of large appliances such as refrigerators, washing machines, dishwashers, and air-conditioners.

11. Practical completion

At this stage of practical completion, you can rejoice because your home is essentially complete. You need to take a tour of the property and ensure that everything is built and properly completed as agreed in the contract. 

12. Handover of the keys

This is a moment of pure bliss that you have been waiting for. It will surely seem like an extremely long time since the start of your home construction. After getting possession of the keys, your joy will surely know no boundaries.

The final word

Now you know what are the stages of building a house! Even though things may seem tedious and stressful at times, the result is worth the effort. After all, it’s your dream home! Finding the right experts and a dedicated team that can help you build your dream home can be tough but is essential, as they will guide you through all the steps. All the phases with such a team will be pre-planned and you need not expect any surprises in form of spiked budgets or blunders. If you are looking for such a team, you can contact JSW One Homes. 

Owning a piece of land and building a custom home is a dream for many. Buying a property is an expensive deal, and mistakes made during the process can cost you dearly. 

Buying land can be tricky, and it is essential to exercise caution, especially when the considerations are just so many. This blog is intended to provide information on things you should take care of while choosing a plot to build your new home.

Let us get started.

1.Document verification: For the uninitiated, paperwork can sound like a nightmare. But it is incredibly crucial to have a verified title on paper. Below are the documents that you need to confirm before taking ownership of the land

1.1 Title Deed - Check if the land is in the owner’s name and if they have a full right to sell it. Also, ensure that they are the sole owner of that land parcel.

1.2 Encumbrance Certificate (EC): EC can be obtained from the sub registrar’s office and is needed to confirm that the land is free from legal disputes or unpaid dues. This certificate will also help you verify if the person selling the land is actually the owner or not.

1.3 Property tax receipts – You will need these to verify if all payments are paid in full so that there aren’t any legal complications

1.4 Release certificate – This certificate is issued by the bank and is needed to confirm that the loans on your land are being paid

1.5 Local Approvals: - You will have to ensure that the local authorities have given an all-clear on the land parcel you are looking to buy.

2. Verify the seller’s identity – Before buying the land parcel, you should verify the seller’s identity. Check for the following points: -

2.1 Nationality and residential proof of the seller

2.2 Nationality and residential proof of all the sellers, in case the plot is jointly owned

2.3 Get the power of attorney if the property is held by a minor

3. Plot measurements – Confirm the exact dimensions of the plot before you buy it. This will also help you prevent an unauthorized person from enjoying the property.

4.Drainage connection – If drainage connections are not available in a locality, a person will have to incur an additional cost for constructing a septic tank, which will also require maintenance after every few years

5.Locality – If your plot is located in a newly developed neighbourhood and roads are yet to be developed or if the land’s level is below the road level, the foundation of the house should be laid at an increased height. Doing this will increase your construction cost. In some cases, the soil is filled to raise the height of the plot, in which case, you will have to lay a pile foundation.

6.Readiness – Not all lots have the same readiness for building a home, some are raw and unimproved. Raw plots are speculative investments and not intended for building in the near future. Unimproved lands do not have basic utilities or services, so there could be additional unforeseen problems and expenses to make the plot construction ready.

7.Utilities – Basic utilities include electricity, phone, gas, internet, water and sewage. If there are no connected utilities on your land, getting them in place is not just time and cost-consuming but also a serious hassle. You can purchase build-ready land to avoid the hassle of installing utilities.

8.After-sale documents – After-sale documents are as important as pre-sale documents. Check for the sale deed once the purchase has been made. A sale deed is a document written by a licensed document writer that must be registered in the sub-registrar's office to confirm the sale. You are not legally the owner until the sale deed has happened. Get the receipt of payment of stamp duty charges once the land is registered the land in your name. 

Making a land purchase involves numerous serious considerations. It is something that most individual purchases once in their entire lifetime, so ensure that you investigate all possibilities before buying the land.

Getting approvals to begin construction is a cumbersome process in India. Commencing a housing project without necessary approvals is illegal and the constructed part is illegal and can be demolished by the governing authorities. Therefore, it is critical that a home builder ensures that all necessary permissions and approvals are secured by the relevant authorities before he/she begins the construction. Different approvals are to be taken from different authorities for the project approval. The process not only differs from state to state but also from city to city.

The process of getting these approvals from various governing authorities and departments can be tiresome. We have listed down the various approvals that you will need before you can begin your home construction.

Keep reading to learn more.

Land Title: This is the first approval you will need to have in place. Before starting the construction of your home, you must get a clear title for your plot or land. You should be in the know of the chain of holdings, transfers over the years and disputes, if any, on the ownership of the land.

Land clearance: On account of urbanization, agricultural land is sometimes converted into nonagricultural land, which can be further used for constructing a house. In such scenarios, you will need to get approval from the authority concerned in your geographical zone to convert the agricultural land to non-agricultural. Generally, the concerned authority is the local body and the State Ministry of Urban Development. The plan for the land use is to be notified by the State Ministry of Urban Development after it is approved by the local body.

Zonal Clearance: Once you have the land title and land clearance documents in place, you will need to take zoning approval from the local authorities. The revenue department will provide you with the ownership certificate under the provisions of the Local Body Acts. After which, the state town planning performs a check regarding city development with the planning board and forwards the proposals to other concerned authorities for any other NOCs that may be needed for your construction project.

Plan approval – Before you can start constructing your house, you must submit your master construction plans to the local governing bodies. The master plan is a graphical representation of what your home will look like after construction. This plan should comply with the building laws.

Layout approval - After you receive approval for your plan, you also need to get your layout approved, before starting the construction. Any construction on an unapproved layout is treated as unlawful and you can be penalised by the Municipal Corporations governing your area.

Intimation of disapproval – IOD or Intimation of Disapproval outlines the conditions that you will need to comply with during different phases of your home construction. These phases generally are –

• Before construction outset

• During the construction

• After completion of construction

Commencement certificate – Simply speaking, a commencement certificate is permission from the local development authority to kick start the construction. It is worth mentioning that you cannot lay the foundation stone of your house or build boundaries in absence of the commencement certificate.

Service and utility installation – You also will need approval from your local municipal body for electricity, gas and water services installation. You should comply with the building laws for sanction and approval of amenities.

Application for approvals for the construction of a house may require you to seek assistance from professionals who can guide you better in how things work and further check out whether you have submitted all the documents or not.

We at JSW One Homes are here to support you as your dedicated partner at every step of your home construction journey. Contact us today to learn more about how your association with us can save you from the petty hassles with your construction project.

A natural disaster is a destructive event that can seriously harm your life and property. Natural disasters are hard to prevent, but you can take precautions to minimize their impact on yourself, your family, and your property. Here are some ways to prepare your home for potential natural disasters: -

1. Secure big openings - Securing your home's biggest openings can increase its resistance to natural disasters. To begin with, make sure your garage door is wind-resistant. Looking at its label, you can tell how much wind a door can withstand. The door might only be wind resistant if it has a label. Consider purchasing a wind-rated door with steel mounting plates, draught seals, a specific wind lock, and a high load. Residents of storm-prone areas may want to buy hurricane shutters. Although expensive, they do a great job of keeping the wind out of your rooms.

2. Rethink windows –  Windows are one of the weakest corners of the house, and the most vulnerable spots, especially single-pane models. Invest in double pane models with tempered glass on the exteriors. You can install roll-down metal file doors that are integrated into the side grooves or roof hangings. These will protect your sliding glass doors and windows even if you leave them open. You also need to pay attention to your basement windows since they are most affected when a disaster strikes.

3. Tweak your landscaping -  You'll find it challenging to flood-proof your property if non-porous surfaces surround it. Porous surfaces enable water to soak into the ground instead of flowing toward your property. Consider digging swales to direct stormwater away from your house, using mulch that absorbs water to prevent flooding, and converting concrete or asphalt driveways to brick and gravel ones. To prevent rainwater from percolating into the soil beneath the house, individuals who live in flood-prone locations should maintain a constant moisture level in the foundation. If the foundation crawl spaces reopen following a storm, think about installing a backflow prevention valve with the help of a qualified plumber.

4. Bolt the foundation – Make sure you securely fasten the sill plate at the base of your home's walls to the foundation to prepare for risks like earthquakes. Steel anchor plates might be positioned along the sill every 5 to 6 feet. These plates protect the house against massive shakes and tremors from medium-level earthquakes. Consider hiring a qualified contractor to ensure proper installation.

5. Strengthen the cripple walls - Strengthening your cripple walls is another crucial step. When there is a crawl space between the first floor of the building and the foundation, these walls rise. Small, wooden structures called cripple walls serve as shock absorbers during earthquakes. Your house could fall off its foundation if you leave them unlocked. The good news is that you can strengthen them by installing plywood sheathing, either diagonally or with vents along the length of the walls.

 6. Vents and louvers – It is often seen that homeowners tend to ignore the other holes inside the house. Large vents in the attic and under the floors should be protected from fire damage. Fire dampers with fusible linkages, like those used in the heating ducts of large buildings, can cover the vents. Checking kitchen and bathroom vents for fire-related assemblies and back-draft dampers is also a good idea (where they touch the exterior of your home). The metal sleeves and hoods should have plastic plumbing vents covering them where they join the roof.

Understanding home building costs is essential for setting realistic budgets, making informed design choices, evaluating bids, and promoting transparency throughout construction. It helps homeowners to avoid overspending, achieve their dream home, and maintain financial stability and peace of mind.

Preparation phase
 

Site clearance costs

• This includes expenses for clearing the construction site of any existing structures, vegetation (such as trees or bushes), debris, or other obstacles.
• Costs may vary depending on the size of the site, the complexity of the clearing required, and any environmental regulations that must be followed.
• Expenses might include labour costs for workers, equipment rental (such as bulldozers, excavators, or chainsaws), disposal fees for removed materials, and any permits needed for clearing.

Excavation expenses

• Excavation involves digging and preparing the ground to create a level surface for construction.
• Costs include renting earthmoving equipment like excavators, backhoes, or trenchers and fuel and maintenance for these machines.
• Labour costs for operators and ground workers involved in the excavation process.
• Additional expenses may arise depending on the soil conditions, such as the need for soil testing or reinforcement.

Substructure phase
 

Foundation costs

• Foundation costs encompass laying the groundwork to support the above structure.
• Variations in costs arise from factors such as the type of foundation chosen (shallow, deep, pile, raft), materials used (concrete, steel, etc.), and site conditions (soil type, water table depth, seismic considerations).
• Expenses may include materials, labour for excavation and construction, reinforcement, formwork, concrete pouring, and any specialised equipment required.

Drainage expenses

• Drainage systems are crucial for managing rainwater, preventing water accumulation around the foundation, and safeguarding against potential flooding or structural damage.
• Costs include materials such as pipes, drainage channels, catch basins, and gravel or aggregate for backfilling.
• Installation costs include trenching, laying pipes, and connecting to the appropriate outlets or stormwater management systems.

Structure phase
 

Framing

• Materials: the cost of materials will depend on the type of framing chosen, such as wood or steel. Wood framing is generally less expensive than steel framing but may vary based on lumber prices and availability. Steel framing tends to be more durable but can be pricier upfront.
• Labour: labour costs for framing will depend on factors such as the size and complexity of the structure, local labour rates, and the efficiency of the construction crew. Framing typically involves skilled carpenters and labourers who work together to frame walls, floors, and roofs.

Roofing

• Materials: the cost of roofing materials can vary widely depending on the type chosen, such as asphalt shingles, clay tiles, metal sheets, or composite roofing materials. Factors influencing costs include material quality, durability, and aesthetic appeal.
• Labour: roofing installation requires skilled labourers experienced in working with the chosen roofing material. Labour costs can vary based on the complexity of the roof design, accessibility, and local labour rates.

Walls

• Materials: the cost of constructing walls will depend on the materials used, such as bricks, blocks, concrete panels, or wood framing with sheathing. Costs may also include insulation materials for energy efficiency and soundproofing.
• Labour: labour costs for wall construction include skilled tradespeople such as bricklayers, masons, or carpenters, as well as general labourers for tasks such as mixing mortar, handling materials, and cleanup.

Floors

• Materials: floor construction costs include subflooring materials such as plywood or oriented strand board (OSB), insulation materials for energy efficiency and soundproofing, and finishing materials such as tiles, hardwood, laminate, or carpet.
• Labour: labour costs for floor construction include skilled tradespeople for subfloor installation, insulation installation, and finishing work such as laying tiles or hardwood flooring.

Windows and doors

• Materials: costs for windows and doors can vary depending on factors such as material (e.g., wood, vinyl, aluminium), size, style, and energy efficiency ratings. Additional costs may include hardware, weather sealing, and any necessary framing or adjustments.
• Labour costs for installing windows and doors include skilled carpenters or glaziers who ensure proper fitting, sealing, and weatherproofing. Labour costs may include any necessary framing adjustments to accommodate the windows and doors.

Services phase
 

Plumbing

• Materials: plumbing materials include pipes (e.g., PVC, copper, PEX), fittings, valves, fixtures (e.g., sinks, toilets, showers), water heaters (e.g., tankless, conventional), pumps, and drainage components. The cost will depend on the type, quality, and quantity of materials required for the project.
• Labour: plumbing labour costs involve skilled plumbers who install, connect, and test the plumbing system. Tasks include pipe fitting, fixture installation, soldering or glueing joints, and ensuring proper drainage and venting. Labour costs may also include excavation for underground pipes and coordination with other trades.

Electrical

• Materials: electrical materials encompass wiring (e.g., copper, aluminium), outlets, switches, lighting fixtures (e.g., recessed lights, ceiling fans), circuit breakers, electrical panels, junction boxes, and conduit. Costs vary based on the electrical system's size, the wiring layout's complexity, and the materials' quality.
• Labour: electrical labour costs involve licensed electricians who design, install, and test the electrical system. Tasks include running wiring, connecting outlets and switches, installing fixtures, mounting electrical panels, and ensuring compliance with safety codes and regulations. Labour costs may also include coordination with other trades and inspection fees.
   

Finishing phase

Interior finishes

• Drywall installation: costs include materials (drywall sheets, joint compound, tape) and labour for hanging, taping, mudding, and sanding drywall to create smooth walls and ceilings.
• Painting: expenses involve paint materials (primer, paint, brushes, rollers) and labour for applying paint to walls, ceilings, and trim, including any necessary surface preparation and finishing touches.
• Flooring: costs encompass materials (tiles, hardwood, laminate, carpet), underlayment, adhesives, and labour for installation, including subfloor preparation and finishing (e.g., staining, sealing, grouting).
• Trim work: expenses include materials (baseboards, crown moulding, door casings), hardware (nails, screws), and labour for installing trim elements to enhance the appearance of interior spaces.
• Decorative elements: costs may include additional decorative features such as wallpaper, wainscoting, accent walls, or custom millwork to add personality and style to interior spaces.

Exterior finishes

• Siding: costs involve materials (vinyl, wood, fibre cement, brick), fasteners, and labour for installing exterior siding to protect the building and enhance its curb appeal.
• Stucco: expenses include stucco materials (cement, sand, additives), mesh reinforcement, and labour for applying and finishing stucco to exterior walls.
• Paint: costs for exterior paint materials and labour for painting exterior surfaces, including preparation (cleaning, priming) and application.
• Landscaping: expenses encompass materials (plants, trees, shrubs, mulch, rocks), landscaping features (walkways, patios, retaining walls), and labour for designing and installing landscaping to enhance the exterior appearance of the building.

Fixtures and fittings

• Kitchen cabinets: costs include materials (cabinets, hardware, countertops) and labour for designing, manufacturing, and installing kitchen cabinetry.
• Bathroom fixtures: expenses involve materials (sinks, faucets, toilets, showers, bathtubs), plumbing fixtures, and labour for installation.
• Lighting fixtures: costs for light fixtures (ceiling lights, wall sconces, pendant lights), bulbs, wiring, and labour for installation.
• Hardware: expenses include door handles, knobs, hinges, drawer pulls, and other hardware for cabinets, doors, and windows.

Final touches

• Cleaning: costs for post-construction cleaning services to remove construction debris, dust, and dirt from interior and exterior surfaces.
• Sealing: expenses for applying sealants or protective coatings to surfaces such as countertops, floors, and exterior finishes to enhance durability and longevity.
• Minor adjustments or repairs: costs for addressing any final adjustments, repairs, or touch-ups needed to ensure the building is in optimal condition before occupancy.

Landscaping costs encompass expenses for tasks such as grading, planting, hardscaping, and irrigation to enhance the exterior aesthetics of the building. Utilities include the costs of connecting the building to essential services such as water, sewer, gas, and electricity. Furniture and equipment expenses cover the furnishing of the building with necessary items such as furniture, fixtures, and equipment to make the space functional and comfortable. Additionally, allocating a contingency budget, typically around 10-15% of the total project cost, is advisable to account for unforeseen expenses or changes during construction, ensuring financial flexibility and smooth project completion.

Building a house, as opposed to buying an existing one, certainly gives you the luxury and satisfaction of owning real estate that is tailor-made to your specific tastes and needs. You also have almost unlimited freedom to choose home designs based on your aesthetics and budget.

Despite such obvious positives, many home investors almost instinctively recoil from the prospect of building a home from the ground up. Many love the idea, but it's the headache of execution, both real and imagined, that gets people a bit worried.

Fears, a few of which are justified, hold people back from construction. These include unpredictable cost escalations, estimation errors, and extended construction timelines. Above all, there is a need for more customer education about present-day construction-tracking systems that are capable of efficiently managing timelines, contractors, and budgets, with minimal surprises. This is probably the “peace of mind” offering home investors have been waiting for.

To put anxieties about home construction to rest, here are some tips to save money on construction without compromising on quality:

Invest in promising destinations

Buy your plot in an up-and-coming location where property prices will likely go up, years from now. Look for upcoming infrastructure projects such as an airport, metros, as well as commercial and residential properties, which throw some indications of upward mobility in real estate prices in the days ahead. Industrial policies announced by local governments from time to time and business-supportive attitude of municipal corporations are also signs to watch out for. Give a wide berth to low-lying land unless you have no other choice. These might require several layers of earth filling with reduced void space between soil particles. A road-level plot will simply save you all that trouble.

Standard designs work just as well

A house design, which resonates with your aspirations is the best you can ask for. That said, a resourceful architect always has a portfolio of home designs at hand that have worked to their clients' satisfaction in the past. Most importantly, such home designs will help you to not only cut back costs but also realise a layout that is still very close to your heart. In the final reckoning, residential builds based on such stock designs, tread the happy middle ground between personalised boutique homes and mass-produced apartment units.

Make a plan that you won’t deviate from

Think of your house plan as a perfectly planned movie script. Midway through shooting, a filmmaker wouldn’t want to make offhand changes to the screenplay unless he has sufficiently deep pockets. Likewise, changes to the home layout will result in cost escalations, especially if they come after the construction has kicked off. So, once the home design is ready, take time to mull over its micro-details. Make sure you are actually satisfied with the plan, and try not to rush ahead with construction before that.

Use locally available building materials

Sourcing bricks, cement, and tiles from within a limited radius of the building site will help you save on transportation costs and, furthermore, bulk ordering means even more savings. Reusing materials like bricks, roofing, doors, window frames, metal fittings, and steel sections is another money-saving hack, and there are specialists that can get you these materials at reasonable prices.

No home is entirely maintenance-free, but some demand lower maintenance costs over their lifetime, than others. Putting your hard-earned money into low-maintenance materials (e.g., clay bricks, ferrocement, concrete, fly ash bricks, ceramic tiles and fixtures) will certainly ensure your home goes the distance for you. Some of these building blocks might carry a higher price tag, but their long-term benefits justify the premium price and labour cost.

At JSW One Homes, our professionals use trendy technology to create realistic renderings of your to-be home, and undertake to deliver it at a mutually agreed price. What you see on-screen is what you will get. JSW One Homes will be more than happy to assist you in building a home that is all custom down to the last switchboard and door knob. Alternatively, you can pick your choice from our design inspirations, and our highly qualified architects, designers, and contractors will be more than happy to assist you in turning your vision into reality, that too all within your budget. Our playbook is simple: Take the uncertainties of building a house out of the equation.

Plinth protection is a layer or structure built around the plinth area (the portion of a building immediately above the ground level) to shield it from external elements like water, moisture, and soil movement. This typically involves constructing a band of concrete, paving, or other materials around the base of the building, sloping away from the structure to allow effective drainage.

The need for plinth protection

Preventing water ingress:

One of the most significant threats to any building's foundation is water. Rainwater, especially during heavy monsoons, can seep into the ground and damage the plinth and foundation. Plinth protection prevents water from pooling near the base of the building, reducing the risk of seepage.

Minimising soil erosion:

Constant exposure to rain and surface runoff can erode the soil around the plinth, leading to structural instability over time. A well-constructed plinth protection system helps keep the surrounding soil intact. 

Thermal insulation:

By creating a physical barrier, plinth protection helps regulate the temperature around the building's base. This prevents excessive heating or cooling, particularly in regions with extreme weather conditions.

Mitigating efflorescence:

Efflorescence is the formation of white salt deposits on walls due to moisture movement. By keeping water away from the plinth area, plinth protection reduces the risk of moisture-related issues like efflorescence, which can affect the aesthetics and durability of walls.

Safeguarding against pests:

Standing water near the plinth can attract pests like termites and ants. Proper plinth protection reduces the likelihood of pest infestations by keeping the area dry and clean. 

Key features of effective plinth protection

Proper slope:

Plinth protection should be designed with an adequate slope to direct water away from the building. A suitable gradient is to be provided to ensure efficient drainage.

Durable materials:

Materials like cement concrete, paver blocks, or stone slabs are commonly used for plinth protection due to their durability and resistance to weathering.

Adequate width:

The width of the plinth protection should extend sufficiently beyond the wall to prevent water from collecting at the base. Typically, 600–900 mm is used.

Drainage provision:

Proper drainage channels should complement the plinth protection system to effectively guide water away from the building. 

Benefits of plinth protection

Enhances structural stability: By preventing water-related damage, plinth protection ensures the foundation remains strong and stable over time.

Prolongs the lifespan of the building: Protecting the plinth reduces the chances of foundation deterioration, extending the structure's life.

Reduces maintenance costs: Proper plinth protection minimises the need for frequent repairs due to issues like dampness, cracks, or wall damage.

Improves aesthetics: Well-designed plinth protection adds a neat and finished look to the building’s exterior.

Why is plinth protection crucial for Indian homes?

Indian homes often face challenges like heavy monsoon rains, high groundwater tables, and varying soil conditions, which can impact the plinth area. Without proper protection, issues like water seepage, dampness, and soil erosion are common, leading to costly repairs and compromised safety. 

The home painting process has two aspects to it: (1) Interior wall painting and (2) Exterior wall painting. In this article, we will see what are the right ways of painting walls depending on whether they are interior or exterior. Keep reading.

Interior wall painting

• Surface preparation: When it comes to painting a new wall, it takes nearly 28 days for complete curing of the wall. In addition, waterproofing problems (if any) are sorted out at this stage. Sandpaper and various other scraping tools are used to successfully remove any particles (such as grease, dirt, dust, and loose flaking paint) that could affect the paint finish.

• Primer: Primer is then applied depending on the surface that needs painting. After giving it 6-8 hours to dry, spot priming may be needed if there are any cracks. This is one of the painting tips for home.

• Putty: After the primer has completely dried, putty is applied to eliminate all uneven wall surfaces. It takes nearly 6 hours for the putty to dry. The pasted area is then sanded to ensure evenness by using an emery paper, followed by wiping off the putty dust.

• Topcoat: Depending on the type of finish desired, emulsion paint is mixed with water in varying ratios. Two to three coats of interior emulsion paint are generally applied. The final coat is often applied at the end of the entire construction process to cover up any smudges or marks that occurred on the wall during the process. 

Exterior wall painting

• Choosing the right weather conditions: The first step when it comes to exterior wall painting is choosing the most appropriate weather conditions. Extremely low or extremely high temperatures can turn out to be detrimental to painting. Moreover, excessive heat and sunlight may affect the paint.

• Cleaning the surface: The exterior walls need to be thoroughly cleaned because paint fails to stick on to rough or dirty surfaces. If there is the presence of any mould or fungus on the walls, they are efficiently removed by applying a bleach solution to the walls and leaving it to soak for about 15 minutes. After this, the walls are thoroughly rinsed and left to dry completely.

• Surface preparation: Proper visual inspection is needed prior to painting exterior surfaces. At this stage, it is ensured that all surfaces are completely uniform through the application of suitable fillers. Further, the small gaps that exist in joints and around doors or windows need to be filled. After this, the whole surface is sanded gently, rinsed with water, and left to dry.

• Application of primer: Primer is then applied on the surface by using a roller or paintbrush. The surface is then left to dry for 6-12 hours. This offers an even base for the application of the topcoat. The second coat of primer may also be required.

• Application of paint: After the first coat of paint is applied, the surface is left to dry for 10-12 hours. Post drying, a second coat of paint is applied and left to dry for a minimum of 24 hours. A third coat may then be applied if the need arises.

Why is primer used before painting?

There are different types of primer available, such as drywall and masonry primer, stain-blocking primer, and wood primer, based on the type of surface that needs to be painted. When it comes to masonry walls, primers offer a consistent, smooth finish. In addition, certain walls may have problems related to efflorescence. In such cases, efflorescence-resistant primers will improve the appearance of the paint.

Why is putty used in painting?

Putty is used post-application of the primer. It is used on walls to give it a smooth finish and fill minute pores.

When it comes to ideas for painting the house, paints are typically divided into two categories: (1) water-based paints and (2) oil-based paints. Distemper, emulsion and cement paints are water-based, whereas enamel paint is oil-based. 

Features of both these paints are listed below:

Water-based paints

• Surfaces dry immediately after the water content evaporates

• Possesses low levels of toxic emissions

• Emits lesser odours

• Surfaces can be easily cleaned with water post painting 

• Primarily used for both interior and exterior surfaces

• Does not tend to crack or turn yellowish with the passage of time

• Most paints available are water-based 

Oil-based paints

• Takes a longer period to dry

• Possesses high levels of toxic emissions

• Emits more odours

• After painting, cleaning needs the use of spirits and thinners

• Primarily used for windows, doors, mouldings, trims, and walls

• Offers a rich, glossy finish that is long-lasting

• Is more durable in comparison with water-based paint

The takeaway

Painting your home walls will not only define the look of it, but will also provide much-needed protection against time. So it is of utmost importance that the painting work is done with due diligence and precisely. If you follow the aforementioned tips, you need not worry about wall paints wearing off every few months. If you need expert assistance for the same, contact JSW One Homes now.

Building a home from the ground up is a time of exciting possibilities. It is a multitude of emotions like a sense of freedom, an opportunity to realise your lifelong dream and a chance to express yourself. It is one of the most critical decisions and one of the most significant investments you will make in your life. Hence feeling a spectrum of emotions is entirely normal. Besides all the excitement, there is an equal amount of anxiety—the fear of the unknown. Home builders become anxious when uncertainty flourishes. It becomes worse if expectations for their upcoming project are poorly set. It is not unusual to find homeowners complaining about quality and workmanship issues during home construction. 

Quality control influences everything when it comes to successful and long-lasting home construction. As you begin searching for a suitable construction partner to help you achieve your goal of home building, you have to find someone capable of interweaving quality at every stage. 

At JSW One Homes, quality control is integral to our construction management and delivering the best building experience.

Please keep reading for more information on how JSW One Homes implement quality assurance and quality control while building homes for their customers.

1.    Site Inspection – We exercise a comprehensive site inspection with our construction partners and partner architects to gain technical and practical knowledge of your plot or land. We check the soil quality and analyse your land parcel's shape, angle and surroundings, slopes, boundaries, and water layers. We also inspect the land to identify defects like toxic waste or buried tanks, which require excessive cleanup. These pre-construction checks are done to better estimate the cost and timeline requirements for your home construction

2.  Structural Design and approvals – Once we have conducted the site visit, we help you design your home. We create a floor plan based on your vision, space, lifestyle requirements, and budget. We make sure the floor plan is functional and practical. We happily incorporate all the changes you ask for until you are satisfied. Once the floor plan is finalised, our team will initiate the approval process. 

3.  Suitable Material for your house – A good design is achievable only when the material quality is up to the mark. The construction material defines the durability, character and endurance of a house. We at JSW One Homes help you select the suitable materials that suit your requirements by analysing each material's stability, maintenance, aesthetics and cost. 

4.  Quality Construction -  Our 300+ quality checks across stages like excavation, footing, plinth beam, tie beam, brickwork and concrete ensure that the construction quality is up to scratch. We have a detailed material and workmanship checklist prepared by our quality team. Our site engineer ensures compliance with these checklists. To your satisfaction, the contractor will proceed to the next stage only after the quality checks are passed and cleared. The contractors inform the upcoming material requirement in advance to avoid construction delays. Our construction is time bound and cost-controlled. Any deviation will require your approval before we proceed any further.

5. Oversee your construction progress through our mobile app – Our mobile app lets you manage and track your home construction at your fingertips.

6.  Warranties – We perform an exhaustive de-snagging once the construction is completed. Our contractor will send you a 10-year structure and workmanship warranty document. At the same time, we deliver our promise of your dream house. Not just that, we also provide you with a 1-year warranty on the finishing. The warranty helps you rest assured that your home will stand the test of time in terms of construction quality.

At JSW One Homes, our team maintains a customer-first mindset, allowing us to live up to your expectations. We bring a vision to life and are dedicated to promoting integrity and performance. 

We also have Design Centres to provide you with technology-enabled end-to-end home construction solutions. Visit our Design Centre today and kick-start your journey with a partner who will be with you at every step of your home-building process. 

Building a new home can be a daunting task, especially when it comes to budgeting. There are so many factors to consider, and it can be challenging to know where to start.  This article will discuss the factors you should keep in mind when budgeting for your new home.

1. Determine your requirements - The first step in calculating your budget for home building is to determine your needs and wants. This means identifying the must-haves for your home and the features you would like to have but could live without. For example, a large kitchen with a lot of storage space may be a must-have, while a pool or hot tub may be a want. Once you have identified your needs and wants, you can create a budget that reflects those priorities.

2. Research the costs of materials and labour - Once you have identified your needs and wants, you should research the costs. This means looking into the costs of different materials, such as wood, brick, cement or stone, and comparing the costs of different kinds of labour, such as electricians, plumbers, and carpenters. By researching the costs of materials and labour, you can better understand how much you will need to budget for your new home.

3. Work as per the picture in your head - When designing and building your new home, it is essential to consider your home's unique features and characteristics - like the floor area, quality of construction and personal design choices. These factors can largely influence your overall budget and should be considered while determining your budget estimates. For example, suppose you want your home to have superior strength and finish. In that case, consider investing in higher or premium quality materials, such as the best cement available in your location. On the other hand, the cost will spike up if you are looking for a more luxurious home with state-of-the-art furniture and multiple floors. To bring your vision to life, you need to be willing to make the necessary investments.

4.Get professional help - Having a skilled and experienced team of professionals, such as architects and contractors, on board can help ensure that your construction stays withinbudget and on schedule. These professionals can provide valuable knowledge and expertise on critical aspects of the construction process, including selecting the best materials for your home, the latest designs etc. 

5. Consider the cost of permits and inspections - When calculating your budget for home building, it is also essential to consider the cost of permits and inspections. These costs can vary depending on the location of your home, but they are typically quite significant. Make sure to factor the cost of permits and inspections into your budget, as they can significantly impact your overall budget.

6. Allow for contingencies - When budgeting for your new home, it's essential to plan for contingencies. This means setting aside a certain amount of money to cover unexpected expenses, such as unexpected repairs or changes to your plans. Contingencies should be built into your budget, so you don't have to worry about unforeseen costs derailing your plans. 

A home is a lifelong dream for most people, and building it is no easy feat. However, keeping a few key points in mind can make calculating your home-building budget much easier. 

We hope that you found this article useful. Explore our blogs section for more such home building tips.

The foundation of a house is the most important part of its structure. It supports the entire weight of the building and keeps it stable, ensuring it is safe for the occupants. A strong and stable foundation is essential for any structure to be durable and last many years. However, before you start digging into the foundation, there are some critical things to consider to avoid any potential problems that may arise during the construction process.

Permits and approvals -  One of the first things you must ensure before digging into your foundation is obtaining all the necessary permits and approvals from the local authorities. This is crucial because building codes and regulations vary from region to region, and obtaining the necessary permits ensures that your project complies with local regulations.

Failure to obtain the required permits and approvals can lead to significant fines, penalties,delays in the project completion and legal issues. It's essential to understand the requirements and regulations in your area and ensure that your project complies with them.

Soil conditions - The second important thing to consider is the soil conditions where you plan to dig. Soil conditions can significantly impact the stability of the foundation, and it's essential to assess the soil before beginning excavation work. A soil test can be conducted to determine the type and quality of the soil in the area, which can help you decide the best foundation design and construction method.

The soil test will also help you determine if any issues with the soil need to be addressed before construction begins, such as soil erosion, soil compaction, or the presence of organic material that could cause the soil to shift.

Drainage - Another critical consideration before digging into your foundation is the site's drainage system. A good drainage system is essential to protect the foundation from water damage, which can cause the soil to shift and weaken the foundation.

If the drainage system is designed correctly, it can prevent water from accumulating around the foundation, leading to potential issues with moisture and mold. Before starting the excavation work, assessing the site's drainage system and ensuring it is adequate for your project's needs is crucial.

Utilties- Before starting the excavation work, locating and marking any underground utilities in the area is essential. These utilities can include gas lines, water pipes, and electrical cables. Digging into these utilities can be dangerous and lead to significant damages that can be costly to repair.

Therefore, it's essential to have a professional utility locating service mark the utilities before excavation begins.

Surroundings - It's also important to consider the impact of your construction project on the surrounding environment. If the excavation work is not done carefully, it can cause erosion, sedimentation, and other environmental issues that can harm the ecosystem. Before beginning the excavation work, it's important to assess the site's environmental impact and take steps to minimise any negative consequences.

This can include installing erosion control measures, such as silt fences or straw bales, to prevent soil from washing away.

Proper planning - Finally, it's essential to have a clear plan for the excavation work and the foundation construction process. This plan should include detailed information about the excavation process, the foundation design, and the materials and equipment needed for the project. A clear plan helps ensure that the project stays on track and everyone understands their role and responsibilities.

A well-designed plan can also help you identify potential issues before they become problems, allowing you to address them before construction begins.

Hire a reliable construction partner - Finally, hiring a qualified and experienced construction partner to complete the excavation work and foundation construction is important. The contractor should be licensed, insured, and have experience working on similar projects. They should also be familiar with local building codes and regulations to ensure that the project is completed in compliance with these requirements.

 In conclusion, there are several important things to consider before digging into your foundation. The critical factors to consider are assessing the soil conditions, evaluating the site's drainage system, locating and marking underground utilities, considering the project's impact on the environment, and having a clear plan for the excavation and construction process.

It's important to evaluate the foundation's design, location, and type, assess the site's accessibility and weather conditions, and hire a qualified contractor. These steps can help ensure that your home construction project is completed safely, on schedule, and with a strong and stable foundation that will last many years.

With various types of cement available in the market, choosing the right one can be challenging, especially for individual home builders in India. The right cement not only impacts the strength and durability of your home but also affects its resistance to environmental factors and overall cost-efficiency.

This guide will help you understand the different types of cement, their applications, and the key factors to consider when selecting the best cement for your home.

Understanding the types of cement

1. Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC):

OPC is the most used cement for construction. It is available in grades such as 33 (used only for low-strength concrete, tiling, plastering, brickwork, and stone artistry), 43 (for RCC and PPC work), and 53 (for RCC and pre-stressed concrete, cement grouts, instant plugging mortars, bridges, roadways, multistory structures, and cold weather concrete), which indicate its compressive strength after 28 days.

Applications: structural components like beams, columns, and slabs.

Advantages: high initial strength and quick setting.

Considerations: suitable for fast-paced projects but may not be ideal for areas with high sulfate content.

2. Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC):

PPC is a blend of OPC and pozzolanic materials like fly ash or volcanic ash.

Applications: plastering, masonry mortars, and general construction in areas prone to moisture.

Advantages: enhanced durability, better resistance to chemicals, and environmental friendliness.

Considerations: longer setting time but excellent for long-term strength and cost-efficiency.

3. Portland Slag Cement (PSC):

PSC is made by blending OPC with slag, a by-product of steel production.

Applications: marine structures, basements, and areas exposed to saline or chemically aggressive environments.

Advantages: high resistance to sulfate and chloride attacks.

Considerations: slightly slower strength gain but excellent durability.

4. Portland Slag Cement (PSC):

PSC is made by blending OPC with slag, a by-product of steel production.

Applications: marine structures, basements, and areas exposed to saline or chemically aggressive environments.

Advantages: high resistance to sulfate and chloride attacks.

Considerations: slightly slower strength gain but excellent durability.

5. Sulphate-Resistant Cement (SRC):

SRC is designed to withstand high sulfate environments.

Applications: used in places where the concrete is in contact with the soil, groundwater and seawater, and/or exposed to seacoast.

Advantages: prevents deterioration caused by sulfates.

Considerations: specific to areas with sulfate-rich soils or water.

6. White Cement:

White cement is OPC with a different composition, offering a white finish.

Applications: decorative purposes like tiling, flooring, and façade works.

Advantages: smooth finish and aesthetic appeal.

Considerations: costlier than other types of cement.

Tips for purchasing cement

• Check the manufacturing date: cement has a shelf life of about 3 months. use fresh cement for optimal performance.
• Inspect packaging: ensure the bags are sealed and have no damage: look for BIS certification and grade marking.
• Buy from authorised dealers: always purchase cement from authorised dealers to avoid counterfeit products.
• Store properly: keep cement bags in a dry, covered area to protect them from moisture.

Which cement is best for your home?

The choice of cement depends on the specific requirements of your home construction project:

• For structural components like beams and slabs: use OPC 53 grade for its high strength.
• For general construction and plastering: PPC is ideal for its workability and durability.
• For foundations and marine structures: PSC or SRC is the best choice for chemical resistance.
• For decorative finishes: white cement provides a smooth and aesthetic finish. 

“The core must be strong”, is what they say. For a house, the core is the bricks. Bricks are the basis of any house. Today bricks come in different types, with an array of different colors, textures, and sizes and each type has its own unique characteristic. The type of bricks for your house has a huge impact on the other aspects of your house like the overall aesthetic appearance, the construction ease, quality, etc.

Choosing brick is an important call in constructing a house. It must complement the style and the décor. Here are the different options of bricks you can choose from: -

Red Bricks or burnt clay bricks – The most traditional as well as the most versatile bricks. These hand mold bricks are manufactured by pressing wet clay into molds, then drying and firing them in kilns. These bricks generally possess good thermal insulation properties (ability to reduce the heat transfer between objects in thermal contact) thereby keeping the house cool during the day and warm during the night. However, the major disadvantage of these bricks is their heavy weight, which means more layers of mortar and extra layers of plaster to cover the walls.

Concrete Bricks – Made of cement, sand, and lightweight aggregates, concrete bricks are also called concrete blocks. Concrete bricks are cheaper than clay bricks, yet stronger than them. Concrete bricks derive their strength from the crushed stone used in their manufacturing. These bricks come in various colors and patterns and usually have a coating of iron oxide pigment on their surface. The main drawback of using these bricks is the concrete shrinkage after installation. This shrinkage creates gaps between the bricks.

Sand Lime Bricks – Sand lime bricks are made by mixing sand, fly ash, and lime. The higher compressive strength of these bricks makes them a good option for multistoried houses. These bricks have excellent acoustic insulation, good heat, and humidity accumulation besides good fire resistance properties. However, these bricks shouldn’t be used for laying foundations, building chimneys, and for pavement purposes because of their ineffective water, fire, and abrasion resistance properties.

Fly Ash Bricks – Fly ash bricks are made with clay and fly ash, which is a by-product of coal burning. These are self-cementing bricks since fly ash contains a high volume of calcium oxide, which expands when exposed to moisture. These bricks are particularly used in masonry units. Because of their lightweight, these bricks are typically used in structural walls, pillars, and foundations. These bricks are good for warm places because they don’t absorb heat. On the other hand, it can make the room temperature considerably lower in cold areas because of the absence of heat retention.

Interlocking bricks – These bricks, as the name suggests, are designed to fit into each other. These bricks are the enhanced form of traditional clay bricks. The self-locking in these bricks is achieved through the shear key and lock mechanism. The shape of the shear key will vary basis the design and a complimentary lock is provided on the opposite end of the brick. Load transfer is achieved by shear transfer and gravity. These are earthquake-resistant bricks and do not require plaster work, hence a neat finish is achievable with these bricks.

Characteristics of good quality bricks

Now that you know about what are the different types of bricks available at your dispense, here are the properties of good quality bricks, that you should know before making a selection of bricks for your home-

They should be fine, dense, uniform, and bright in color

They should be sound and compact

They should be fire resistant and soundproof

They should not break into pieces when dropped on the ground from a height of about 1 meter

The brick should be sufficiently hard and no impression should be left on the surface when it is scratched with a fingernail

So, how do you finally make the choice as to which brick is the right choice for your house? Here are some points that you can keep in mind before selecting the building blocks for your house –

Strength – Strength is an important parameter for quality control in construction and the most essential selection criteria for the selection of bricks. It is the ability of the bricks to withstand the stress caused by factors such as compression, heat, etc.

Life span – House is what most people make once in their lifetime. Hence for the long life of the house, choose the bricks that have a longer lifespan and lesser maintenance requirements.

Handling and storage – To minimize the damage, it is necessary to take into consideration their handling and storage requirements. This also affects the construction time, labor requirements, and of course the budget, hence an important factor to consider.

Local availability – While selecting the bricks for the construction of your home, do take into account the local availability. This will ensure that your transportation cost is minimised. It is also a time saver and confirms that there is no unnecessary delay in your construction.

Climate –Factors like the average range of temperature throughout the year, rain or snowfall, seasons, wind, amount of sunlight, and ventilation requirements, all should be considered before finalising the brick types for your house.

Aesthetics – Aesthetics is a very subjective choice. Everyone has different tastes and requirements and only you know what kind of home you would like to live in. Hence select the bricks which complement your sense of aesthetics.

Maintenance -Maintenance is also an important selection criterion for the bricks because good bricks are those which are easy and economical to maintain. Maintenance will help to retain the look of your house for a long time period and will increase the life of the house.

In conclusion, the construction industry is witnessing a lot of experiments and there are various types of materials and technologies coming up every day. Thus, the selection of construction materials, especially bricks, and their application in the home is of great importance.

We, at JSW One Homes, help you select the material of your choice and budget. A team of dedicated professionals is here to help you build the house of your dreams and save you from the hassle of the tedious and time-consuming process of material selection. Meet them at a place of your convenience or even virtually to share your expectations, and budget

Good luck!